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Shabbos 69a

שבת ס״ט ע״א

Shabbat 69a

Learn Shabbos 69a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 69a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

What counts as שגגה for a חטאת: מונבז vs. רבנן, רבי יוחנן vs. ריש לקיש, the 39 מלאכות, and אביי on שבועת ביטוי

Overview

This amud opens with the רבנן's source that a חטאת is brought only for a sin whose deliberate version carries כרת. The source is a היקש comparing the whole Torah to עבודה זרה. מונבז holds that a person counts as a שוגג even if he only did not know about the קרבן, but the רבנן reject this. Among the רבנן, רבי יוחנן says not knowing about the כרת is enough, while ריש לקיש requires not knowing about both the לאו and the כרת. רבי יוחנן uses ריש לקיש's פסוק for a different law: a משומד does not bring a חטאת. The גמרא then tests ריש לקיש with the משנה of the 39 מלאכות, where a person knew about שבת but not the מלאכות. It answers that he knew about תחומין, which is a Torah law according to רבי עקיבא. A ברייתא that counts someone as a שוגג when he did not know only about the קרבן is shown to follow מונבז. Finally, אביי teaches that for a שבועת ביטוי, a קרבן is brought only if the person did not know the לאו, and the גמרא explains why this needed to be said.

Opening lines

״וְכִי תִשְׁגּוּ וְלֹא תַעֲשׂוּ

"And if you err and do not perform

אֵת כׇּל הַמִּצְוֹת הָאֵלֶּה״,

all these commandments",

וּכְתִיב: ״וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה בְּיָד רָמָה״.

and it is written: "And the person who acts with a high hand"

הוּקְשׁוּ כּוּלָּם לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

All of them are compared to idolatry:

The steps (20)

  1. ProofThe whole Torah is compared to עבודה זרה
  2. QuestionHow does מונבז define an unwitting sin?
  3. ResponseHe was unaware of the sacrifice obligation
  4. StatementThe רבנן reject unawareness of the קרבן
  5. QuestionHow do the רבנן define an unwitting sin?
  6. Responseרבי יוחנן: unaware of כרת is enough
  7. Responseריש לקיש: must be unaware of both
  8. Proofרבא gives ריש לקיש's verse
  9. QuestionWhat does רבי יוחנן do with this verse?
  10. Resolutionרבי יוחנן uses it for a ברייתא about a משומד
  11. StatementOnly one who would repent brings a sacrifice
  12. StatementBringing in the counting of the 39 מלאכות
  13. ChallengeWhat did he know about שבת according to ריש לקיש?
  14. ResolutionHe knew about תחומין
  15. QuestionWho taught this ברייתא about kinds of שוגג?
  16. ResponseThe ברייתא follows מונבז
  17. Statementאביי: for שבועת ביטוי a person must not know the לאו
  18. Response'Everyone agrees' refers to רבי יוחנן
  19. ChallengeThat is obvious: רבי יוחנן only spoke about כרת
  20. ResolutionWithout אביי, we might have treated the unusual oath law more broadly