Shabbos 69b

שבת ס״ט ע״ב

Shabbat 69b

Learn Shabbos 69b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

What counts as שגגה for a קרבן or חומש, how a lost traveler keeps שבת, and the source for the משנה's rules on forgetting שבת

Overview

This amud opens by finishing אביי's claim that, for a false oath about the past (שבועת ביטוי לשעבר), not knowing about the קרבן is not enough to count as שגגה. A ברייתא challenges him. In one version the גמרא assigns the ברייתא to מונבז; in another version that answer is rejected, and אביי is refuted. Next, אביי rules that a person pays the extra fifth (חומש) for eating תרומה only if he did not know the prohibition itself, and רבא disagrees. Then a new topic begins: how a traveler who lost track of the days keeps שבת. רב הונא says count six days and then keep one, and חייא בר רב says the reverse; two ברייתות refute חייא בר רב. רבא adds that the traveler does only enough work each day to eat, marks his chosen שבת with קידוש and הבדלה, and may work fully on the weekday he set out. Finally, the גמרא returns to the משנה and learns the difference between one who forgot the עיקר שבת and one who knows it from two פסוקים, one singular and one plural. It then quotes the משנה's next case, one who knows that it is שבת.

Opening lines

The steps (35)

1. ResolutionClosing line: אביי's teaching is a real חידוש
2. ChallengeA ברייתא says not knowing about the קרבן is enough
3. ResolutionThe ברייתא follows מונבז
4. ChallengeSecond version: the ברייתא cannot be מונבז, because that would be obvious
5. ChallengeSo the ברייתא is the רבנן, and אביי is refuted
6. ConclusionThe refutation stands
7. Statementאביי: the extra fifth for תרומה needs ignorance of the prohibition
8. QuestionWho is 'everyone'? רבי יוחנן
9. ChallengeThat is obvious: רבי יוחנן only spoke about כרת
10. ResolutionOne might have treated death as equal to כרת
11. Statementרבא: death is like כרת, and חומש is like a קרבן
12. Statementרב הונא: a lost traveler counts six days, then keeps שבת
13. Statementחייא בר רב: keep שבת first, then count six
14. QuestionWhat is the root of their argument?
15. ResponseCreation of the world versus אדם הראשון
16. ChallengeA ברייתא seems to support רב הונא
17. ResolutionThe ברייתא can be read either way
18. ChallengeThe wording does not fit the new reading
19. ChallengeA second ברייתא says count six first
20. Conclusionחייא בר רב is refuted
21. Statementרבא: work only for survival, except on that day
22. ChallengeShould he starve on that day?
23. ResolutionHe prepares double the day before
24. ChallengeBut the day before might be the real שבת
25. ResolutionRevised rule: survival work every day, even that day
26. QuestionSo how is that day different?
27. Responseקידוש and הבדלה mark the day
28. Statementרבא: if he knows how many days since he left
29. ChallengeIsn't that obvious?
30. ResolutionThe point: the next day is not permitted
31. QuestionSource for 'one who knows the עיקר שבת'
32. ResponseTwo פסוקים: singular and plural
33. ResponseOne observance for many, one for each
34. Challengeרב נחמן בר יצחק flips the reading of the two verses
35. StatementQuoting the משנה's case of one who knows it is שבת