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Shabbos 70a

שבת ע׳ ע״א

Shabbat 70a

Learn Shabbos 70a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 70a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Why forgetting שבת and forgetting the מלאכות lead to different numbers of חטאות, and the sources for חילוק מלאכות (שמואל, רבי נתן, רבי יוסי)

Overview

The גמרא first asks why the משנה gives one קרבן per שבת to someone who forgot it was שבת, but one קרבן per מלאכה to someone who forgot which acts are forbidden. רב ספרא answers based on what makes the person stop, but רב נחמן rejects this and explains that a קרבן is counted by the number of separate שגגות. The גמרא then asks for the source of חילוק מלאכות, the rule that each אב מלאכה brings its own חטאת. שמואל learns it from 'מות יומת', applying the verse to a שוגג who 'dies' through paying for many קרבנות. The גמרא asks why שמואל does not use רבי נתן's source, and quotes רבי נתן's ברייתא, which counts 39 מלאכות from 'אלה הדברים' and proves separate liability from the verse 'לא תבערו אש'. The answer is that שמואל holds like רבי יוסי, who uses that verse to teach that הבערה is only a לאו. The גמרא then asks why שמואל does not use רבי יוסי's own source, 'מאחת מהנה', which teaches that sometimes many acts count as one and sometimes one counts as many. The word-by-word explanation of that verse begins here and continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מַאי שְׁנָא רֵישָׁא

What is different about the first clause

וּמַאי שְׁנָא סֵיפָא?

and what is different about the latter clause?

אָמַר רַב סָפְרָא:

Rav Safra said:

כָּאן — מִידִיעַת שַׁבָּת הוּא פּוֹרֵשׁ,

Here, he stops because he becomes aware that it is Shabbat,

The steps (20)

  1. QuestionWhy do the two clauses of the משנה differ?
  2. Responseרב ספרא: It depends on what makes him stop
  3. Challengeרב נחמן: Both kinds of awareness depend on each other
  4. Resolutionרב נחמן: The offering follows the number of errors
  5. QuestionWhat is the source for separate liability for each labor?
  6. Responseשמואל: 'מות יומת' means many deaths
  7. ChallengeBut that verse is about intentional sin
  8. ResolutionThe verse is redundant for intentional sin, so apply it to unwitting sin
  9. ChallengeWhy not use רבי נתן's source?
  10. Statementרבי נתן: The 39 labors from 'אלה הדברים'
  11. QuestionMaybe all 39 in one lapse count as one?
  12. ResponsePlowing and harvesting are listed separately
  13. ChallengeMaybe only plowing and harvesting are separate
  14. ConclusionKindling was singled out to teach about all the primary labors
  15. Resolutionשמואל follows רבי יוסי on kindling
  16. ProofThe baraita showing the dispute about kindling
  17. ChallengeThen let שמואל learn division from רבי יוסי's source
  18. Proofרבי יוסי's source: 'and does from one of these'
  19. Statementרבי יוסי son of רבי חנינא explains the words
  20. StatementWord by word: 'one' means writing 'שמעון'