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Shabbos 70b

שבת ע׳ ע״ב

Shabbat 70b

Learn Shabbos 70b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 70b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

How many חטאות a person brings for doing many מלאכות on שבת by mistake, and which kind of forgetting (of שבת or of the מלאכות) decides the count

Overview

This amud opens at the end of רבי יוסי's דרשה on the פסוק 'מאחת מהנה'. It teaches אבות and תולדות and two basic cases. In the first, a person knew it was שבת but forgot the מלאכות were forbidden, so he brings a חטאת for each מלאכה. In the second, he forgot it was שבת, so he brings one חטאת in total. The גמרא explains that שמואל does not learn those two cases from this פסוק. רבא then asks רב נחמן about a person who forgot both שבת and the מלאכות. רב אשי suggests a test based on what makes him stop working, but רבינא rejects it and concludes 'לא שנא': he counts as having forgotten שבת and brings one חטאת. The גמרא checks this against רבי יוחנן's reading of the משנה of 39 מלאכות. It shows that the 39 חטאות happen when he knew it was שבת but forgot the מלאכות, and this works even for ריש לקיש, through knowledge of תחומין according to רבי עקיבא. Finally רבא sets up a mixed case of reaping and grinding done twice, once with each kind of mistake, and discovered at two different times. His ruling continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

שֵׁם מִשִּׁמְעוֹן.

[like] 'Shem' from 'Shimon.'

״הֵנָּה״ — אָבוֹת,

'Them' — the primary labors,

״מֵהֵנָּה״ — תּוֹלָדוֹת.

'Of them' — the subcategories.

״אַחַת שֶׁהִיא הֵנָּה״ —

'One that is them' —

The steps (13)

  1. StatementThe end of רבי יוסי's derivation from 'מאחת מהנה'
  2. ResolutionWhy שמואל does not use this derivation
  3. Questionרבא asks about forgetting both at once
  4. Responseרב נחמן: he brings only one חטאת
  5. Challengeרבא pushes back: he also forgot the מלאכות
  6. Resolutionרב אשי: see what makes him stop
  7. Rejectionרבינא: the test does not work, so there is no difference
  8. StatementBringing in the משנה of 39 מלאכות
  9. ChallengeHow can 39 חטאות happen if forgetting שבת means one?
  10. ResolutionThe case: he knew it was שבת but forgot the מלאכות
  11. ChallengeWhat did he know about שבת, according to ריש לקיש?
  12. ResolutionHe knew about תחומין, following רבי עקיבא
  13. Statementרבא describes a person who reaped and ground twice with two different kinds of mistakes