Shabbos 71a

שבת ע״א ע״א

Shabbat 71a

Learn Shabbos 71a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

גרירה (one offering 'drawing along' atonement for linked sins): how a חטאת for reaping and grinding on שבת covers acts done in different kinds of שגגה, and whether two half-measures done in different kinds of שגגה combine.

Overview

This עמוד opens by finishing רבא's ruling about a person who reaped and ground twice on שבת. The first time he forgot it was שבת (שגגת שבת), and the second time he did not know the acts were forbidden (שגגת מלאכות). One offering can 'draw along' (גרירה) atonement for linked acts. But if he learns of the acts in the reverse order, רבא says the second grinding is not covered. אביי says that grinding is covered too. The גמרא asks how רבא can use גרירה when he rejected it in a case about eating חלב. It answers that רבא accepted גרירה from אביי, but not a 'draw of a draw' (גרירה דגרירה). Next, רבי זירא rules that half-measures done in the two kinds of שגגה do not combine, because they need separate חטאות. The גמרא challenges this rule from a משנה about half-olives eaten from two dishes, following רבי יהושע. It answers that ריש לקיש's explanation belongs on the סיפא of that משנה, so the rule stands. The עמוד ends as the גמרא begins a new inference from that reading, which continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

The steps (19)

1. StatementReaping draws reaping, grinding draws grinding
2. StatementReverse order: the second grinding is left out
3. Statementאביי: the second grinding is covered too
4. ChallengeDoes רבא even accept drawing?
5. Proofרבא's ruling in the חלב case
6. Proofאביי: any one offering covers all
7. Resolutionרבא adopted אביי's view
8. ChallengeThen grinding should draw grinding too
9. ResolutionDrawing yes, a draw of a draw no
10. StatementWhat was obvious to אביי and רבא was a question for רבי זירא
11. QuestionDo two half-measures from different kinds of שגגה combine?
12. ResponseSeparate offerings, so they do not combine
13. ChallengeChallenge: does being separate for חטאות always stop half-measures from combining?
14. QuestionWhy does the משנה need to say that one type combines?
15. Responseריש לקיש: the case is two dishes, following רבי יהושע
16. ChallengeThe contradiction: separate for חטאות, yet the halves combine
17. ResolutionThe answer: it depends which part of the משנה ריש לקיש was explaining
18. ResolutionThe סיפא version: 'two types' means two dishes, and רבי יהושע is lenient too
19. ChallengeStarting a new inference from the סיפא