Gemara Clarity

Shabbos 6a

שבת ו׳ ע״א

Shabbat 6a

Learn Shabbos 6a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 6a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Carrying through a סטיו (מקום פטור), and the ברייתא of the four domains of שבת

Overview

The גמרא first looks for a precedent for the view that a person who carries from a shop to the plaza through a סטיו is חייב, even though the סטיו is a מקום פטור lying in the middle. Two comparisons are rejected: walking through רשות הרבים, and carrying exactly four אמות. In both, the middle area is only exempt for this carrier, not by its nature. A third comparison works: carrying through צדי רשות הרבים. רב פפא challenges it from רבי אליעזר בן יעקב. רב אחא בריה דרב איקא answers that where there are stakes, even רבי אליעזר בן יעקב agrees the sides are exempt. רבי יוחנן then adds that בן עזאי, who exempts the walker, agrees that a thrower is חייב, and a ברייתא confirms this. Next, the גמרא quotes a ברייתא listing the four domains of שבת: רשות היחיד, רשות הרבים, כרמלית, and מקום פטור. It defines each one, along with shared courtyards that need an עירוב and the threshold case. Finally, the גמרא asks what the words "זו היא רשות היחיד" exclude, and begins quoting רבי יהודה's view, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מִידֵּי דְּהָוֵה אַמַּעֲבִיר חֵפֶץ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים.

It is just like one who carries an object through the public domain.

הָתָם, לָאו אַף עַל גַּב

There, is it not so that even though

דְּכַמָּה דְּנָקֵיט לֵיהּ וְאָזֵיל פָּטוּר,

as long as he holds it and walks he is exempt,

כִּי מַנַּח לֵיהּ — חַיָּיב.

when he puts it down he is liable?

The steps (20)

  1. ProofFirst precedent: walking with an object in the public domain
  2. RejectionRejection: in the public domain every spot is potentially liable
  3. ProofSecond precedent: carrying exactly four cubits
  4. RejectionRejection: exempt only for this person versus exempt for everyone
  5. ProofA third comparison: carrying along the sides of the public street
  6. Challengeרב פפא objects: one תנא treats the sides as full public domain
  7. Resolutionרב אחא answers: with stakes in place, the sides are exempt for everyone
  8. Statementרבי יוחנן: בן עזאי agrees that throwing is liable
  9. ProofA ברייתא supports רבי יוחנן
  10. StatementA ברייתא lists four domains for שבת
  11. StatementDefining a full private domain
  12. StatementDefining a full public domain
  13. StatementThe punishment for carrying between the two full domains
  14. StatementThe כרמלית and carrying within it
  15. StatementCarrying between a כרמלית and the other domains
  16. StatementShared courtyards and closed alleyways need an עירוב
  17. StatementA person standing on the threshold
  18. StatementOthers say the threshold can belong to either side
  19. QuestionWhat does "this is a private domain" exclude?
  20. ResponseIt excludes the view of רבי יהודה