Gemara Clarity

Shabbos 77a

שבת ע״ז ע״א

Shabbat 77a

Learn Shabbos 77a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 77a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The amount of wine one must carry on שבת to be liable (diluted-cup measure), the כזית measure for dried wine and אביי's rejection of רב יוסף's comparison, and the spelling of 'גמיאה' for milk.

Overview

On the previous amud, רבא ruled that one who carries undiluted wine on שבת is liable for an amount that, once diluted with water, makes a רביעית. The גמרא supports this from the משנה and a ברייתא, and shows it fits רבא's rule that real wine takes three parts water. אביי raises two objections: a משנה describes diluted wine as only 2:1, and water left in the jug should not count. רבא answers that the 2:1 mix is for weak Sharon wine or only for color, and that the small amount of strong wine counts because it is significant on its own. Next, a תוספתא teaches in the name of רבי נתן that dried-up wine is measured by a כזית. רב יוסף claims that רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה holds the same idea, since he says a רביעית of blood congeals into a כזית. אביי rejects this comparison, because thin wine and thick blood shrink differently when they dry. Finally, the גמרא asks whether the משנה's word for a gulp of milk is spelled with an א or an ע. רב נחמן בר יצחק proves from a פסוק that it is spelled with an א, and the גמרא opens another spelling question that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

תְּנֵינָא: הַמּוֹצִיא יַיִן —

We already learned: One who carries out wine —

כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת כּוֹס,

is liable for enough to dilute a cup,

וְתָנֵי עֲלַהּ:

and a Baraita taught regarding it:

כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת כּוֹס יָפֶה.

enough to dilute a nice (proper) cup.

The steps (16)

  1. ProofSupport for רבא from the משנה and ברייתא
  2. Statementרבא follows his own rule: real wine takes three parts water
  3. Challengeאביי's first objection: the Sharon wine mix is 2:1
  4. Challengeאביי's second objection: the water is still in the jug
  5. Resolutionרבא: Sharon wine is unusually weak
  6. Resolutionרבא's second answer: color versus taste
  7. Resolutionרבא: on שבת we need something significant, and this is
  8. Statementתוספתא: dried wine is measured by an olive-bulk
  9. Statementרב יוסף: רבי נתן and רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה agree
  10. Statementברייתא: בית שמאי and בית הלל on blood of a נבלה
  11. Proofרבי יוסי: a רביעית of blood congeals into an olive-bulk
  12. Rejectionאביי: רבי נתן may only be talking about thin wine
  13. Rejectionאביי's second option: רבי יוסי may only be talking about thick blood
  14. QuestionIs the משנה's word for 'gulp' spelled with an א or an ע?
  15. Responseרב נחמן בר יצחק proves the spelling with an א from a פסוק
  16. QuestionOpening another spelling question