Shabbos 96b

שבת צ״ו ע״ב

Shabbat 96b

Learn Shabbos 96b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 96b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Sources for הוצאה, הכנסה and four אמות in רשות הרבים; אב versus תולדה; and the מקושש

Overview

The גמרא asks where the מלאכה of הוצאה is written, since זריקה is only its תולדה. רבי יוחנן brings משה's command to stop carrying donations into the Levite camp, and a גזירה שוה of העברה with יום הכפורים shows this was on שבת. הכנסה is learned by סברא, but it is only a תולדה. The גמרא then explains what difference the labels אב and תולדה make: they decide how many חטאות a person brings, or, for רבי אליעזר, they are only names. Next the גמרא looks for a source in the משכן for throwing four אמות in רשות הרבים. Every proposal is rejected, and it concludes that all the rules of four אמות are a received tradition. Three opinions then argue over which מלאכה the מקושש did, and a hidden scroll of איסי בן יהודה explains why this matters. Finally, רבי עקיבא says the מקושש was צלפחד, and רבי יהודה בן בתירא rebukes him for revealing what the תורה kept hidden.

Opening lines

The steps (42)

1. QuestionWhere is carrying out written in the Torah?
2. Responseמשה's command to stop bringing donations
3. ChallengeMaybe it was a weekday and the work was simply done
4. ResolutionA word link to יום הכפורים
5. ProofLaying out the two verses of the word link
6. QuestionWhat is the source for carrying in?
7. ResponseLogic: direction does not matter
8. ConclusionCarrying out is primary, carrying in is a subcategory
9. QuestionWhat is the point of calling one an אב and the other a תולדה?
10. ResponseThe difference: how many חטאות you bring
11. QuestionHow do the labels matter for רבי אליעזר?
12. ResponseFirst answer: an אב was an important work in the משכן
13. ResponseSecond answer: an אב is written in the Torah
14. StatementThe משנה about throwing four אמות against a wall
15. QuestionWhat is the source for throwing four cubits in the public domain?
16. Responseרבי יאשיה says the weavers threw needles to each other
17. ChallengeWeavers do not use needles
18. ResolutionCorrection: it was the sewers who threw needles
19. ChallengeMaybe they sat right next to each other
20. ResolutionThey would poke each other with needles
21. RejectionMaybe they sat less than four cubits apart
22. Responseרב חסדא: weavers threw the shuttle across the cloth
23. ChallengeBut the weaver holds the thread in his hand
24. ResolutionIt means the final throw
25. ChallengeBut the shuttle moves through an exempt area
26. ResolutionWeavers threw the shuttle to those who borrowed it
27. ChallengeMaybe the weavers sat right next to each other
28. ResolutionThey would bump each other at the edge of the cloth
29. ChallengeMaybe the weavers sat staggered
30. ChallengeThe weavers never borrowed from each other
31. ChallengeCarrying 4 אמות still has no source
32. ConclusionAll 4 אמות rules are a received tradition
33. Statementשמואל: the wood-gatherer carried 4 אמות
34. Statementברייתא: he detached branches
35. Statementרב אחא: he gathered sticks into a pile
36. QuestionWhat difference does it make?
37. Responseרב's hidden scroll: one חטאת for all 39 מלאכות
38. ChallengeBut רבי יוחנן says one is liable for each מלאכה
39. ResolutionCorrecting the hidden scroll's wording
40. ConclusionEach opinion is sure its own מלאכה carries the death penalty
41. Statementרבי עקיבא teaches that the מקושש was צלפחד
42. Challengeרבי יהודה בן בתירא objects: either way you will be held accountable