Gemara Clarity

Taanis 30a

תענית ל׳ ע״א

Taanit 30a

Learn Taanis 30a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Taanis 30a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Mourning before תשעה באב, the limits on the סעודה המפסקת, and the rules of the fast day itself

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the explanation of how רבי מאיר, רבי יהודה and רבן שמעון בן גמליאל each learn their view on pre-תשעה באב mourning from a different word in one פסוק. רבא then rules leniently: like רבן שמעון בן גמליאל on when the mourning starts, and like רבי מאיר on when it ends. Next the גמרא turns to the משנה's ban on two cooked dishes on ערב תשעה באב, and רב יהודה limits it to the afternoon and to the final meal before the fast (סעודה המפסקת). Several ברייתות back up these limits and add views on meat, wine and bathing at that meal. Then a ברייתא teaches that all the practices of an אבל apply on תשעה באב itself, including a ban on learning joyful תורה, with exceptions for sad books like איוב and קינות. The גמרא returns to the meal and allows salted meat and fresh wine, defining how long each must be kept. The amud ends with the start of a story about the simple bread-and-salt meal of רבי יהודה ברבי אילעאי, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מֵ״חַגָּה״.

from "her festival."

וּמַאן דְּאָמַר כּוּלּוֹ אָסוּר —

And the one who says the whole (month) is forbidden —

מֵ״חׇדְשָׁהּ״,

from "her month,"

וּמַאן דְּאָמַר כׇּל הַשַּׁבָּת כּוּלָּהּ אָסוּר —

and the one who says the entire week is forbidden —

The steps (27)

  1. ProofEach opinion's source in the same verse
  2. Statementרבא rules like both רבן שמעון בן גמליאל and רבי מאיר
  3. ResolutionWhy the ruling like רבן שמעון בן גמליאל is needed
  4. ResolutionWhy the ruling like רבי מאיר is needed
  5. StatementQuoting the משנה on two cooked dishes
  6. Statementרב יהודה: the rule applies only from midday on
  7. Statementרב יהודה: the rule applies only at the last meal before the fast
  8. StatementBoth of רב יהודה's limits are leniencies, and both are needed
  9. ResolutionWhy the midday limit is needed
  10. ResolutionWhy the final-meal limit is needed
  11. StatementThere are ברייתות supporting each of רב יהודה's limits
  12. ProofA ברייתא supports the final-meal limit
  13. ProofA ברייתא supports the midday limit
  14. StatementAnother ברייתא: רבי מאיר bans meat and wine, and the חכמים say to cut down
  15. Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל allows a usual radish or salted food after the meal
  16. StatementAnother ברייתא: the last meal versus an earlier meal
  17. StatementBathing follows meat
  18. StatementAll the practices of a mourner apply on תשעה באב
  19. StatementWhat learning is still allowed
  20. Statementרבי יהודה: even unfamiliar material is forbidden
  21. StatementSalted meat and fresh wine are allowed
  22. QuestionHow long must meat be salted?
  23. Responseשמואל: measured by the time of שלמים
  24. QuestionHow long is wine 'from the press'?
  25. ResponseWhile it is still fermenting
  26. StatementFermenting lasts three days
  27. StatementHow רבי יהודה ברבי אילעאי ate before תשעה באב