Temurah 10a

תמורה י׳ ע״א

Learn Temurah 10a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

מקדיש versus מתכפר for חומש and תמורה, and the new משנה on substituting limbs and fetuses

Overview

The גמרא finishes a question about when a person who redeems a holy animal does not add another חומש. It then asks a harder version of that question and leaves it as תיקו. Next, רמי בר חמא asks about one person who dedicates an animal for another person's atonement: who adds the חומש, and who can make a תמורה? רבא learns from a פסוק that the מקדיש adds the חומש. He also shows that the תמורה must follow the מתכפר, or else a ציבור or שותפין could make one. A further proof from a נזיר's offering is pushed off. The גמרא then settles both questions with רבי יוחנן's rule, which also says that a person who gives תרומה from his own produce for others chooses the כהן. A new משנה teaches that a תמורה does not work with limbs or fetuses, though רבי יוסי allows a limb for a whole holy animal. The גמרא begins by bringing a מחלוקת between בר פדא and רבי יוחנן on whether a fetus can become holy, and starts to explain why רבי יוחנן's two rulings are both needed; this continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. QuestionThe second side of the question: maybe any animal with the same holiness is exempt
2. QuestionA harder case: the original animal was replaced and changed to a burnt offering
3. ConclusionThe question is left unresolved
4. QuestionWho adds the fifth: the one who dedicates or the one who gains atonement?
5. Responseרבא: the verse says the one who dedicates adds the fifth
6. QuestionWho can make a substitute: the one who dedicates or the one who gains atonement?
7. Responseרבא: if the one who dedicates could substitute, a community or partners could too
8. ProofA further proof from the נזיר's offering
9. QuestionWhat law is the ברייתא teaching?
10. ProofIt must be about תמורה, so we follow the מתכפר
11. RejectionNo, the ברייתא is about atonement after all
12. ConclusionFinal ruling: the מקדיש adds the חומש, the מתכפר makes the תמורה
13. ConclusionThe תרומה giver chooses the recipient
14. ProofThe verse behind the תרומה rule
15. Statementמשנה: no substitution between limbs, fetuses, and whole animals
16. Statementרבי יוסי allows a limb for a whole animal
17. Proofרבי יוסי's proof from consecrating a leg
18. StatementDoes holiness take hold of a fetus?
19. Proofרבי יוחנן is consistent: the pregnant sin offering
20. StatementBoth of רבי יוחנן's rulings are needed: starting with the first