Temurah 14a

תמורה י״ד ע״א

Learn Temurah 14a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Temurah 14a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

How individual and communal offerings differ (תמורה, gender, making up missed offerings, overriding שבת), and whether נסכים may be brought at night

Overview

This amud begins a משנה listing ways that an individual's offerings and communal offerings follow different rules. An individual's offering can make a תמורה, may come from male or female animals, and must be made up if it is missed. Communal offerings are only male and are not made up once their day passes. On the other hand, communal offerings override שבת and טומאה. רבי מאיר says the real rule is that any offering with a fixed time overrides them. The גמרא then tests the משנה's lines. It limits the תמורה rule to an original animal offering, and it explains how the male-and-female rule survives the cases of עולה, חטאת and אשם. Next it finds the source that missed מוספין are lost after their day, while their מנחה and נסכים may still be brought that night or the next day. This leads to a debate about whether נסכים can be offered at night. רמי בר חמא suggests one answer, רבא rejects it, and רב יוסף removes מנחת נסכים from a ברייתא. Finally, רב דימי hears from רבי יהושע בן לוי that נסכים are only by day and wants to send this to רב יוסף, a story that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (39)

1. StatementIndividual and communal offerings differ, starting with תמורה
2. StatementMales and females
3. StatementResponsibility to make up the offering and its libations
4. StatementCommunal offerings override שבת and טומאה
5. Challengeרבי מאיר points to individual offerings that override שבת
6. ConclusionThe real rule: a fixed time
7. ChallengeBirds are individual offerings but make no substitute
8. ResolutionThe rule is only about animals
9. ChallengeThe offspring of an offering makes no substitute
10. ResolutionThe משנה follows רבי יהודה
11. ChallengeA substitute itself makes no substitute
12. ResolutionThe rule is only about the original offering
13. ConclusionNow the משנה can follow the רבנן too
14. StatementQuoting the line: individual offerings can be male or female
15. ChallengeChallenge from the burnt offering
16. ResolutionAnswer: a bird burnt offering can be either
17. ChallengeChallenge from the sin offering
18. ResolutionAnswer: the king's goat is male
19. ChallengeChallenge from the guilt offering
20. ResolutionAnswer: only offerings shared by individual and community
21. ResolutionSecond answer: the משנה says only some offerings
22. QuestionAsking for the source of the rule about making up offerings
23. ResponseThe whole day works for the מוספין, but once the day passes they are lost
24. QuestionMaybe the נסכים are also lost once the day passes
25. ResponseThe מנחה and נסכים may be brought that night or the next day
26. Responseריש לקיש learns it from a different פסוק
27. StatementWhy both verses are needed
28. QuestionWhy would night be better than the next day?
29. ResponseWith קדשים, the night follows the day
30. ChallengeCan libations be offered at night at all?
31. ProofThe ברייתא lists daytime items, including מנחת נסכים
32. ChallengeDaytime items after sunset?
33. ResolutionRead it as 'with sunset': placed just before, burned at night
34. ChallengeThe ברייתא still says נסכים are by day
35. ResolutionMaking it holy versus bringing it on the altar
36. Challengeרבא: becoming holy and being offered go together
37. Resolutionרב יוסף: take מנחת נסכים out of the ברייתא
38. Proofרבי יהושע בן לוי: נסכים with a קרבן are only by day
39. Statementרב דימי wants to send the teaching to רב יוסף