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Temurah 13b

תמורה י״ג ע״ב

Learn Temurah 13b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Temurah 13b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

תמורה in special cases: the two kinds of substitution for מעשר בהמה, and רבי שמעון's view on an עולה bought with leftover money, ending the first פרק of תמורה.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a list of conditions for תמורה: the קרבן must not be one brought in partnership. רבי then explains why the תורה mentions תמורה separately for מעשר בהמה. מעשר has two kinds of substitution, תמורת שמו (a miscount that puts the 'tenth' name on the wrong animal) and תמורת גופו (a regular swap). He lists three ways they differ: being offered on the altar, being redeemed, and taking effect on a blemished animal. The גמרא explains that a separate mention was needed, because something taught with a new law has only that new law. Next, רבא explains that for רבי שמעון even a voluntary עולה makes a תמורה, and only an עולה bought with leftover money does not. The גמרא defends this, saying רבי שמעון agrees with רבי אליעזר that leftover money goes to a private offering but disagrees about תמורה. This raises a difficulty with רבי אבין's question about making a תמורה a second time. The גמרא answers that he asked about a תנא who combines both views, and the question ends unresolved (תיבעי). The amud closes the first פרק, הכל ממירין.

Opening lines

וְדָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָּא בְּשׁוּתָּפוּת.

And an item that is not brought in partnership.

רַבִּי אוֹמֵר:

Rabbi says:

לָמָּה יָצָא מַעֲשֵׂר מֵעַתָּה?

Why was the tithe singled out now?

לִידּוֹן בִּ״תְמוּרַת שְׁמוֹ״

To be discussed regarding 'substitution of its name'

The steps (22)

  1. StatementThe last condition: not an item brought in partnership
  2. QuestionWhy does the תורה mention substitution for the animal tithe separately?
  3. ResponseAnswer: to teach about two kinds of substitution
  4. StatementTwo differences: offering on the altar and redemption
  5. StatementThird difference: fit and unfit animals
  6. ChallengeWould a special extra law take away the regular law?
  7. ResolutionYes: the תורה's inclusion covers only what it says
  8. QuestionWhere does that limiting rule come from?
  9. ResponseSomething taught as a new law has only that new law
  10. QuestionFor רבי שמעון, does a voluntary עולה not make a תמורה?
  11. ResponseA voluntary עולה also counts once it is taken on
  12. ResponseThe rule only leaves out an עולה from leftover money
  13. ChallengeIf leftover money goes to communal offerings, the rule is obvious
  14. ResolutionMaybe רבי שמעון holds leftover money goes to a private offering
  15. ChallengeBut רבי אליעזר holds that view and says it does make a תמורה
  16. Resolutionרבי שמעון agrees with רבי אליעזר on one point and argues on the other
  17. ChallengeA new challenge from רבי אבין's question
  18. ChallengeWhose view could רבי אבין's question follow?
  19. Resolutionרבי אבין asked about a תנא who mixes two views
  20. QuestionFirst case: two animals with one holiness
  21. QuestionSecond case: one animal with two holinesses, left unanswered
  22. ConclusionHadran — Closing הכל ממירין