Temurah 13a

תמורה י״ג ע״א

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Topic

Finishing בית הפרס and the sources for several rules of תמורה: no תמורה from a תמורה or from offspring, and no תמורה for birds, meal offerings, communal offerings, partners, or בדק הבית.

Overview

This amud finishes the rule of בית הפרס: a field where a grave was plowed counts for a full furrow, which is 100 אמות. Next, the גמרא shows that the משנה's rule "no תרומה after תרומה" follows רבי עקיבא, based on a dispute about partners who each separated תרומה. It then gives sources in the פסוק for two more rules: a תמורה cannot make another תמורה ("ותמורתו"), and the offspring of a holy animal cannot make a תמורה ("הוא"). רבי יהודה disagrees about the offspring, and the רבנן use his word "יהיה" for a swap made by mistake. A new משנה rules that birds, meal offerings, the community, partners, and בדק הבית items cannot make a תמורה. רבי שמעון learns this by using the animal tithe (מעשר) as the model. The גמרא asks whether בדק הבית items are called "קרבן", and רבי חנינא answers that רבי שמעון and the רבנן disagree. The רבנן tell apart "קרבן ה׳" and "קרבן לה׳". Last, a ברייתא explains why the תורה repeats תמורה by מעשר, and רבי שמעון's list of מעשר's features continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. StatementThe plowed area covers three fields and two furrows
2. QuestionHow long is a full furrow?
3. ResponseA furrow is one hundred cubits, proven from a ברייתא
4. QuestionWhose view is the rule of no תרומה after תרומה?
5. ResponseIt is רבי עקיבא; the case of partners begins
6. Proofרבי עקיבא and the חכמים on the partners
7. QuestionWhy can't a substitute animal make its own substitute?
8. ResponseThe פסוק says its substitute, not the substitute of its substitute
9. ResponseThe offspring cannot make a substitute
10. Responseרבי יהודה: the offspring can make a substitute
11. ResolutionHow the חכמים use the word "shall be"
12. StatementNew משנה: birds and meal offerings cannot make a substitute
13. StatementThe community and partners cannot make a substitute
14. StatementItems for the Temple's upkeep cannot make a substitute
15. Questionרבי שמעון asks why the animal tithe is mentioned separately
16. Responseרבי שמעון's answer: compare all offerings to the tithe
17. StatementA ברייתא: בדק הבית items are not called an offering
18. ChallengeChallenge: a ברייתא calls בדק הבית items an offering
19. ChallengeThe challenge ends: they are called an offering
20. ResolutionThe two sources follow different opinions
21. ChallengeA פסוק calls בדק הבית items an offering
22. Resolution"The Lord's offering" is not "an offering to the Lord"
23. QuestionWhy does the תורה repeat תמורה for מעשר?
24. ResponseThe general פסוק would include every kind of offering
25. QuestionWhy was מעשר singled out if it was already included?
26. Responseמעשר is the model for which offerings can make a תמורה