Gemara Clarity

Temurah 15a

תמורה ט״ו ע״א

Learn Temurah 15a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Temurah 15a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The משנה on whether a replaced חטאת is left to die for a יחיד and for the ציבור, and what happens to the leftover animal when someone has two valid חטאות

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a count of years from the previous page. שמואל, שאול and דוד together reach forty years. Then a new משנה rules that a private (יחיד) חטאת whose owner already got כפרה with a replacement animal is left to die, but a communal (ציבור) one is not. רבי יהודה says even the communal one dies. רבי שמעון compares this case to the other 'dying חטאות', which apply only to a יחיד. The גמרא quotes a ברייתא that learns from a פסוק: when there are two valid חטאות, the owner may bring either one, but only one. It then asks what happens to the leftover animal. רב המנונא quotes a ברייתא in which רבי יהודה says it grazes and רבי שמעון says it dies. Since רבי יהודה says 'die' in the משנה, the גמרא tries switching the names, but that clashes with רבי שמעון's rule of five dying חטאות. It then gives two answers: either the two rulings deal with different cases, or רבי יהודה is explaining the views of רבי and of the רבנן. Finally, the גמרא asks in surprise whether anyone really holds that a communal חטאת is left to die. That discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים מָלַךְ שְׁמוּאֵל בְּעַצְמוֹ,

Ten years Samuel reigned by himself,

שָׁנָה אַחַת שֶׁמָּלַךְ שָׁאוּל וּשְׁמוּאֵל,

one year that Saul and Samuel reigned,

וּשְׁתַּיִם שֶׁמָּלַךְ שָׁאוּל בְּעַצְמוֹ,

and two that Saul reigned by himself,

וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וָשֶׁבַע שֶׁמָּלַךְ דָּוִד.

and thirty-seven that David reigned.

The steps (16)

  1. ConclusionAdding up the forty years of kings
  2. StatementA private sin offering dies, a communal one does not
  3. Statementרבי יהודה: even the communal one dies
  4. Proofרבי שמעון compares to the other dying sin offerings
  5. QuestionThe ברייתא asks about two valid sin offerings
  6. ResponseThe word חטאת: either one may be brought
  7. QuestionMaybe he must bring both?
  8. Response'יביאנה' — only one, not two
  9. QuestionWhat happens to the second animal?
  10. ResponseA ברייתא with two opinions: graze or die
  11. ChallengeBut רבי יהודה elsewhere says it dies
  12. ResolutionSwitch the names
  13. ChallengeBut רבי שמעון says five חטאות die
  14. ResolutionKeep the names: two different cases
  15. ResolutionAnother answer: רבי יהודה following רבי or the רבנן
  16. ChallengeDoes anyone really say a communal sin offering is left to die?