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Temurah 26b

תמורה כ״ו ע״ב

Learn Temurah 26b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Three lessons from a half-consecrated animal, אביי's question about one animal with two holy labels, and the new משנה on which words create a תמורה, including the double meaning of תחת.

Overview

The amud opens with the last words of רבי יוחנן's ruling: when someone makes only half an animal holy, the animal is holy but cannot be offered, and its תמורה is treated the same way. From this the גמרא learns three rules. קדושת דמים can push an animal off the מזבח for good, living animals can be pushed off, and being pushed off from the very start still counts as דיחוי. Next, אביי says everyone agrees that an animal labeled 'half עולה, half מעשר' is offered entirely as an עולה. He then asks about 'half תמורה, half מעשר': is it offered as a תמורה, since תמורה applies to all קדשים, or as מעשר, since מעשר can make holy the animals before and after the tenth? The question ends with תיקו, unresolved. A new משנה follows. Words like 'in place of', 'substitute of' and 'exchange for' create a תמורה, but 'desacralized onto' does not, unless the holy animal is blemished, in which case it is redeemed and the values must be evened out. The גמרא asks why the משנה treats תחת as substitution wording, when a ברייתא about בדק הבית property treats it as redemption wording. אביי answers that תחת can mean either one, and he begins bringing a פסוק for the substitution meaning, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהּ.

is like it.

שְׁמַע מִינָּה תְּלָת:

Learn three things from this:

שְׁמַע מִינָּה קְדוּשַּׁת דָּמִים (נִדְחָה) [מְדַחָה].

Learn from it that holiness of value causes [the animal] to be pushed off.

וּשְׁמַע מִינָּה, בַּעֲלֵי (מוּמִין) [חַיִּים] נִדְחִין,

And learn from it that living animals can be pushed off,

The steps (11)

  1. StatementThe substitute of a half-consecrated animal is the same
  2. ConclusionThree lessons learned from רבי יוחנן's ruling
  3. StatementHalf burnt offering, half tithe: it is offered as a burnt offering
  4. QuestionHalf substitute, half tithe: what is the law?
  5. QuestionThe two sides of אביי's question
  6. ConclusionThe question is left unresolved
  7. StatementWhich words create a substitute
  8. StatementWhen the holy animal is blemished
  9. ChallengeDoes תחת really mean substitution?
  10. ChallengeThe ending of the ברייתא makes תחת look like a word of redemption
  11. Resolutionאביי: the word תחת can mean two things