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Temurah 2b

תמורה ב׳ ע״ב

Learn Temurah 2b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Who can make a תמורה: an heir, a woman, a minor, and a גוי, and whether the מקדיש or the מתכפר decides.

Overview

The amud begins by finishing how רבי מאיר learns that an heir does סמיכה: the end stage of a holy animal is learned from its beginning stage. רבי יהודה, who holds an heir cannot make a תמורה, uses "ואם המר ימיר" to include a woman. רבי מאיר learns women from the extra ו in "ואם." The גמרא asks why any verse is needed for women, since "איש או אשה" already makes women equal to men for all punishments. It answers that תמורה is different, because the public and partners cannot make one. Next, רמי בר חמא asks whether a minor near adulthood can make a תמורה, and then whether a גוי can. רבא tries to answer the גוי question from a ברייתא that says a gentile's offerings have no תמורה. The גמרא then narrows the question to a גוי who consecrates for a ישראל, and begins to answer it from רבי יוחנן's rule that the מתכפר makes the תמורה. That rule continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְיָלֵיף סוֹף הֶקְדֵּשׁ מִתְּחִילַּת הֶקְדֵּשׁ,

And he derives the end of consecration from the beginning of consecration:

מָה תְּחִילַּת הֶקְדֵּשׁ יוֹרֵשׁ מֵימִר,

just as at the beginning of consecration an heir can substitute,

אַף סוֹף הֶקְדֵּשׁ יוֹרֵשׁ סוֹמֵךְ.

so too at the end of consecration an heir leans his hands.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, הַאי ״וְאִם הָמֵר יָמִיר״

Rabbi Yehuda, this phrase "and if he shall at all substitute":

The steps (16)

  1. ResponseAn heir does סמיכה because the end of הקדש is learned from its beginning
  2. QuestionHow does רבי יהודה use the extra words "ואם המר ימיר"?
  3. ResponseThe doubled phrase includes a woman, as a ברייתא teaches
  4. QuestionWhere does רבי מאיר learn that a woman is included?
  5. Responseרבי מאיר learns women from the extra ו in "ואם"
  6. StatementInference: without a verse, a woman would not get lashes for תמורה
  7. ChallengeBut the Torah already treats women like men for all punishments
  8. ResolutionThe special verse for women was still needed
  9. QuestionCan a minor make a substitution?
  10. QuestionThe two sides of the minor question
  11. QuestionIf a minor can, what about a gentile?
  12. Proofרבא brings a ברייתא about a gentile's offerings
  13. Statementרבי יוסי is stricter
  14. Proofרבא's point: a gentile cannot make a תמורה
  15. Rejectionרמי בר חמא's real question: who counts, the consecrator or the one atoned?
  16. ProofTrying to solve it from רבי אבהו: the one atoned makes the תמורה