Temurah 30a

תמורה ל׳ ע״א

Learn Temurah 30a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

אתנן זונה and מחיר כלב: the widow and slave cases, and what counts as the price of a dog

Overview

The גמרא first explains that the source forbidding a widow's payment from a כהן גדול follows רבי אלעזר. It shows that the widow case teaches something new: even payment for a relationship the תורה forbids is אתנן. Next it discusses the משנה about a lamb given so that a maidservant will be with 'my slave'. רב הונא reads 'slave' as a polite word for the master himself. שמואל בר רב יצחק instead says the case is about a real עבד עברי. When the גמרא asks how the חכמים can then forbid it, it answers that the slave has no wife and children, and the משנה's dispute depends on that. Then a new משנה defines מחיר כלב as an animal traded for a dog. It adds that the swapped cases and the offspring are permitted. The גמרא proves from the פסוק's wording that מחיר means a trade, and explains why all ten lambs in the partners case are forbidden. Finally it quotes the ruling that אתנן כלב and מחיר זונה are permitted, and רבא מפרזקיא begins a question to רב אשי that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (23)

1. ResolutionThe source follows רבי אלעזר
2. ChallengeWhy mention a widow and not any unmarried woman
3. ResolutionThe widow case was needed to teach something new
4. StatementQuoting the משנה about the lamb
5. ChallengeA maidservant is permitted to a slave
6. Resolution'My slave' is a polite way of saying 'me'
7. ChallengeThen why does רבי permit the lamb
8. ResolutionIt really means a slave, an עבד עברי
9. ChallengeWhy would the חכמים forbid it if a Hebrew slave may be with a maidservant?
10. ResolutionThe case is a Hebrew slave who has no wife and children
11. StatementThe משנה defines the price of a dog
12. StatementTwo partners dividing lambs and a dog
13. StatementPayment for a dog and the price of a prostitute are permitted
14. StatementThe offspring of forbidden animals are permitted
15. StatementA ברייתא defines מחיר כלב as an animal traded for a dog
16. ChallengeMaybe מחיר כלב means payment for relations with a dog
17. RejectionThat would make three categories, but the פסוק says two
18. ChallengeThe challenger explains: replace the trade, don't add to it
19. ResolutionThe פסוק's different word proves it means a trade
20. StatementQuoting the case of partners who divided
21. ChallengeWhy not forbid just one lamb?
22. ResolutionThe dog was worth more than any one lamb
23. StatementQuoting the next ruling: payment for a dog and the price of a prostitute are permitted