Temurah 31b

תמורה ל״א ע״ב

Learn Temurah 31b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Temurah 31b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

How קדשי מזבח and קדשי בדק הבית differ: which offerings make a תמורה, paying craftsmen, unspecified consecrations, and מעילה on by-products

Overview

The משנה finishes its list of laws that apply only to קדשי מזבח, such as offspring and milk staying forbidden after פדיון. It then lists laws that apply only to קדשי בדק הבית. The גמרא tests the משנה's rule that all קדשי מזבח make a תמורה, using birds, a ולד, and a תמורה itself. It concludes that the rule covers only the main animal offering, so the משנה can follow even the רבנן. רבי אבהו learns from "ועשו לי" that craftsmen may be paid from בדק הבית funds. The גמרא shows that the rule 'unspecified consecrations go to בדק הבית' does not follow רבי יהושע. It brings two versions of רב's explanation of the dispute between רבי אליעזר and רבי יהושע, which turns on whether a person splits his vow. Finally, 'takes effect on everything' is shown to include shavings and leaves. A ברייתא teaches that milk and eggs carry מעילה only for בדק הבית, not for altar animals.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. StatementMore laws of altar animals that do not apply to Temple maintenance property
2. StatementLaws that apply only to Temple maintenance property
3. ChallengeBirds are altar offerings, yet they make no substitute
4. ResolutionThe rule is only about animals
5. ChallengeThe offspring of an altar animal makes no substitute
6. ResolutionOur משנה follows רבי יהודה
7. ChallengeA substitute itself does not make a substitute
8. ResolutionThe rule speaks only about the main offering
9. ResolutionNow the משנה can follow the רבנן too
10. QuestionWhy may craftsmen be paid from קדשי בדק הבית?
11. Response"ועשו לי": build from what is Mine
12. QuestionWho holds that unspecified consecrations go to בדק הבית?
13. ResponseThe משנה does not follow רבי יהושע
14. ProofThe source: רבי אליעזר and רבי יהושע on altar-fit animals in consecrated property
15. Statementרב אדא בר אהבה: with an all-male herd, even רבי אליעזר agrees
16. StatementThe real dispute is a mixed herd: does a person split his vow?
17. Statementרבי יהושע holds a person can split his vow
18. StatementSecond version: if only animals were consecrated, everyone agrees they go to the altar
19. StatementSecond version: they argue only when other property is included
20. ChallengeTesting the versions against רבי אליעזר's words about the rest of the property
21. ChallengeChallenge to the first version from the משנה's wording
22. ResolutionA ברייתא really does say it that way
23. QuestionWhat does 'takes effect on everything' come to include?
24. ResponseIt includes shavings and fallen leaves
25. QuestionWhat does the rule about growths come to include?
26. ResponseMilk and eggs of altar-holy animals
27. ProofA ברייתא on milk and eggs: altar versus בדק הבית
28. ConclusionEven the strict view limits מעילה to growths fit for the altar