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Temurah 32a

תמורה ל״ב ע״א

Learn Temurah 32a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Whether קדשי מזבח can be made into חרמי כהנים: רב הונא's rule, its refutation, and עולא's reading of 'כל חרם'.

Overview

The משנה teaches rules shared by קדשי מזבח (items set aside for the altar) and קדשי בדק הבית (items set aside for Temple upkeep). You cannot switch their holiness to another kind, but you may consecrate their value (הקדש עילוי) or declare them חרם. If they die, they are buried, though רבי שמעון says dead בדק הבית animals are redeemed. In the גמרא, רב הונא rules from a פסוק that attaching קדשי מזבח to חרמי כהנים does nothing. The גמרא first challenges him from a ברייתא that leaves out the altar case, and it defends him: the ברייתא lists only items that fail in both directions. A second challenge comes from the משנה's word 'מחרימין', and the גמרא answers that both words there mean בדק הבית. Two ברייתות then show plainly that קדשי מזבח can become חרמי כהנים, so רב הונא is refuted. עולא explains the פסוק differently: 'כל חרם' includes everything. The גמרא then questions whether עולא really holds this, since he elsewhere said that attaching an עולה to בדק הבית creates only an עיכוב. That discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מַתְנִי׳ אֶחָד קׇדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ

MISHNA: Both items consecrated for the altar

וְאֶחָד קׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת

and items consecrated for Temple maintenance:

אֵין מְשַׁנִּין אוֹתָן

one may not change them

מִקְּדוּשָּׁה לִקְדוּשָּׁה,

from one sanctity to another sanctity,

The steps (18)

  1. StatementRules shared by altar-holy and Temple-upkeep-holy items
  2. Statementרבי שמעון: dead Temple-upkeep animals can be redeemed
  3. Statementרב הונא: altar items attached to כהנים gifts do nothing
  4. Proofרב הונא's source from the פסוק about חרם
  5. ChallengeChallenge begins: a ברייתא about Temple-upkeep items
  6. ChallengeThe ברייתא continues: כהנים gifts cannot be transferred
  7. ChallengeThe ברייתא's silence seems to refute רב הונא
  8. Resolutionרב הונא explains why the altar case was left out
  9. ChallengeThen why not list the altar case with the others?
  10. ResolutionThe תנא lists only items that fail both ways
  11. ChallengeA challenge from our משנה: altar animals can be made חרם
  12. ResolutionBoth words in the משנה mean Temple maintenance
  13. ChallengeA ברייתא spells out that מחרימין means חרמי כהנים
  14. ChallengeA second ברייתא: dedicating altar animals to the כהנים works
  15. Conclusionרב הונא is refuted
  16. ChallengeBut רב הונא had a verse
  17. Resolutionעולא: 'every חרם' includes everything
  18. ChallengeDid עולא really say this? His ruling on attaching an עולה