Temurah 34a

תמורה ל״ד ע״א

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Topic

Which forbidden items are burned or buried, and why their ashes differ

Overview

This amud finishes the משנה's list of forbidden items that must be destroyed. The משנה rules that buried items may not be burned and burned items may not be buried. רבי יהודה allows burning as a stringency, but the חכמים forbid any switch. The גמרא opens with טבי's contradiction: our משנה buries a נזיר's hair and a פטר חמור, but a משנה in ערלה burns a sack woven from them. Three answers are given: a טמא versus a טהור נזיר, a sack versus plain hair (which leads to challenges about ביטול ברוב and pulling out a bird design), and that the ערלה משנה follows רבי יהודה. The גמרא then explains more lines of the משנה: חמץ is burned like רבי יהודה, foods are burned and liquids buried, and רבי יהודה describes how a doubtful bird offering is sent to נחל קדרון. Finally it gives the reason for not switching: buried items have forbidden ashes and burned items have permitted ashes. It defends both halves of that rule against ברייתות, and the chapter and מסכת תמורה close with a הדרן.

Opening lines

The steps (32)

1. StatementBurning or burying offerings brought because of a doubt
2. StatementThe general rule: buried items stay buried, burned items stay burned
3. RejectionThe חכמים reject changing the method
4. ChallengeIs a נזיר's hair buried or burned?
5. ResolutionA טמא נזיר versus a טהור נזיר
6. ChallengeThe firstborn donkey contradiction is still unsolved
7. Questionרב נחמן is silent and asks טבי what he has heard
8. Resolutionרב ששת's answer: a woven sack versus plain hair
9. ProofOther אמוראים said both answers too
10. ChallengeShouldn't the hair be cancelled by the rest of the sack?
11. Resolutionרב פפא: the hair forms a bird design
12. ChallengeThen just pull out the bird design
13. Resolutionרבי ירמיה: the ערלה משנה follows רבי יהודה
14. RejectionThat doesn't answer why the design isn't pulled out
15. Resolutionרבי ירמיה explains his answer is only a fallback
16. StatementThe unnamed משנה follows רבי יהודה on burning חמץ
17. QuestionWhich items are burned and which are buried?
18. ResponseFoods are burned, liquids are buried
19. StatementHow רבי יהודה disposes of a doubtful bird sin offering
20. QuestionWhy may buried items not be burned?
21. ResponseAshes of buried items are forbidden, ashes of burned items are permitted
22. ChallengeChallenge: crumbled דם הנדה and בשר המת are pure
23. ResolutionPure, but still forbidden
24. ChallengeChallenge: the crop and feathers of an עולת העוף leave מעילה
25. ResolutionOut of מעילה, but still forbidden
26. ChallengeChallenge: ashes of הקדש are forbidden forever
27. StatementWhy the ברייתא lists אשירה and הקדש separately
28. ChallengeThe ברייתא says ashes of הקדש are forbidden forever
29. Resolutionרמי בר חמא: a fire that started by itself
30. Resolutionרב שמעיה: the ברייתא is about תרומת הדשן
31. ProofProof from ״וְשָׂמוֹ״ that תרומת הדשן stays forbidden
32. ConclusionHadran — Closing יש בקדשי מזבח and finishing מסכת תמורה