Yevamos 101a

יבמות ק״א ע״א

Yevamot 101a

Learn Yevamos 101a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The son of uncertain priestly father (striking, cursing, and serving with the משמרות), then the start of פרק מצות חליצה: the court and the shoe for חליצה

Overview

This amud finishes the case of a son whose father could be either of two men, both of them כהנים. A ברייתא debates whether he is liable for hitting or cursing them. The גמרא settles two different reports of רבי יהודה's view by saying two תנאים passed it down differently. רבי חנינא explains the exemption: cursing a parent is compared to cursing ה׳, so it applies only to one clear father with no 'partnership', and striking follows cursing. Next, the גמרא shows that the son must go up with both fathers' משמרות even against his will, because of פגם משפחה, the family's good name. רב פפא then explains that the son gets a share only when both fathers are in the same משמר and the same בית אב. After the הדרן closing פרק נושאין על האנוסה, a new פרק opens with a משנה about חליצה: who must be present, and which shoes count. The גמרא learns that the three judges must at least be able to read out the פסוקים. It then shows how the תנא קמא gets three judges and רבי יהודה gets five from the פסוקים. It ends partway through a proof of where רבי יהודה learns that ordinary people may serve, and that proof continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (31)

1. StatementQuoting the משנה: both possible fathers are כהנים
2. StatementThe ברייתא: he is liable in every case
3. Statementרבי יהודה: liable together, exempt one after the other
4. ChallengeA different ברייתא quotes רבי יהודה as exempting even at once
5. ResolutionTwo תנאים report רבי יהודה differently
6. QuestionWhy exempt him at all?
7. Responseרבי חנינא: no liability where there is 'partnership'
8. StatementQuoting the משנה: he goes up with his משמר
9. QuestionWhy go up if he gets no share?
10. RejectionRejecting the question: he wants to do a מצוה
11. Resolution'He goes up' means he must go up, even against his will
12. ResponseHe must serve because of the family's reputation
13. StatementQuoting the משנה: both fathers in one משמר
14. ChallengeWhy should one משמר be different from two?
15. Resolutionרב פפא: same משמר and same בית אב
16. Conclusionהדרן: closing פרק נושאין על האנוסה
17. StatementNew משנה: three judges, and which shoes work for חליצה
18. Statementמשנה continued: where the shoe sits and unusual shoes
19. ChallengeWhy does the משנה say 'judges' if laymen are fine?
20. ResolutionThey must at least be able to read out the פסוקים like judges
21. StatementA ברייתא says the same thing, and רבי יהודה requires five
22. QuestionWhat is the source for the תנא קמא's three?
23. Responseזקנים means two, and a court can't be even, so three
24. Responseרבי יהודה counts two words, so five
25. QuestionWhat does the תנא קמא do with the word זקני?
26. Responseזקני includes even three ordinary people
27. QuestionWhere does רבי יהודה learn that ordinary people are allowed?
28. ResponseHe learns it from the word לעיני
29. ProofRuling out blind people proves ordinary people are allowed
30. ProofIf experts were needed, why rule out the blind?
31. Proofרב יוסף: a court must be free of any defect