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Yevamos 100b

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Yevamot 100b

Learn Yevamos 100b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The son of uncertain fatherhood in the משנה, and שמואל's rule that a child whose כהן father is unknown loses כהונה (only for זנות). The משנה is explained as a case of קידושי טעות.

Overview

This amud finishes the משנה about a baby who could be the son of either of two men, because his mother remarried too soon. When one possible father is a כהן and the other a ישראל, he takes on the strict rules of both. When both are כהנים, mourning applies both ways, טומאה is forbidden both ways, and he serves with both משמרות. The גמרא first explains that חליצה must come before יבום for his widow. Then שמואל teaches that a child of one unknown man out of ten כהנים is a שתוקי and loses כהונה, because the פסוק requires 'his seed after him.' The גמרא limits this rule: it is דרבנן and applies only to זנות, not to marriage. A challenge from our משנה seems to refute שמואל, since the משנה lets the son serve as a כהן. רב שמעיא answers that the case is a ממאנת, but a young girl is not expected to give birth safely. So the גמרא settles on a woman whose קידושין were a mistake. Such a woman can be grown, can have a son, and can leave without a גט.

Opening lines

הָיוּ לוֹ אַחִים מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן

If he had brothers from the first husband

וְאַחִים מִן הַשֵּׁנִי,

and brothers from the second husband,

שֶׁלֹּא מֵאוֹתָהּ הָאֵם —

not from the same mother —

הוּא חוֹלֵץ וּמְיַיבֵּם,

he performs חליצה and יבום,

The steps (33)

  1. StatementYibum with half-brothers from both possible fathers
  2. StatementOne possible father a Kohen: marriage and impurity
  3. StatementTeruma rules for the doubtful Kohen
  4. StatementSacrifices, priestly gifts, and his firstborn animal
  5. ConclusionThe general rule: stringencies of both
  6. StatementBoth possible fathers Kohanim: mourning, impurity, inheritance
  7. StatementNo punishment for hitting or cursing either possible father
  8. StatementServing with the priestly watches and sharing in the offerings
  9. Statementחליצה must come first, then יבום
  10. Statementשמואל: a child of one of ten כהנים is a שתוקי
  11. QuestionWhat does שתוקי mean here?
  12. RejectionNot about inheritance, since that is obvious
  13. ResponseHe is silenced from the status of כהונה
  14. QuestionWhy does he lose כהונה?
  15. ResponseThe פסוק requires offspring traced to the father
  16. Challengeרב פפא asks about the same phrase said to אברהם
  17. ResolutionThe phrase to אברהם warns against marrying a non-Jew or maidservant
  18. ChallengeA ברייתא lets an uncertain first son become a כהן גדול
  19. ResolutionThe traceable-lineage rule is only rabbinic
  20. ResolutionThe rabbinic rule applies only to זנות, not to marriage
  21. ChallengeDid the רבנן really make the rule even for זנות?
  22. QuestionWhat does 'after her husband' mean?
  23. ChallengeThe משנה's ending doesn't fit a husband who died
  24. ResolutionMaybe the משנה is about a divorcée
  25. ChallengeThe son not becoming impure for the fathers doesn't fit a divorcée
  26. ChallengeFor the first husband, the son should be allowed either way
  27. ResolutionSo the משנה must be about זנות
  28. ChallengeThe son serves in both משמרות, which refutes שמואל
  29. ResolutionThe case is a girl who refused her husband
  30. ChallengeCan a girl who does מיאון even have a baby?
  31. ResolutionThe case is a mistaken betrothal
  32. Proofשמואל's teaching: a coerced סוטה stays permitted
  33. ProofA mistaken-betrothal wife can walk away even after having a child