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Yevamos 109a

יבמות ק״ט ע״א

Yevamot 109a

Learn Yevamos 109a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

רבי אלעזר's ban on ייבום after a divorce and remarriage, and two brothers married to two sisters who are minors

Overview

The משנה ends its cases of a man who divorced his wife, took her back, and died childless. The רבנן allow ייבום and רבי אלעזר forbids it, but everyone forbids it for a קטנה married off by her father who was divorced and then remarried. The גמרא looks for רבי אלעזר's reason. עיפה's answer is rejected. אביי says רבי אלעזר is unsure whether death or the first marriage links her to the יבם. רבא says it is a safeguard because people may not know about the remarriage. רב אשי says it is a decree because of the remarried minor 'orphan in her father's lifetime,' and the משנה and a ברייתא support him. רב נחמן rules that her צרה may still do ייבום, since we do not make a גזירה לגזירה. A new משנה discusses two brothers married to two sisters who are minors or deaf-mutes. When the adult sister is widowed, רבי אליעזר, רבן גמליאל and רבי יהושע give three different solutions. The גמרא defends teaching a minor to do מיאון when it is for a מצוה, and then begins explaining בר קפרא's list of things to cling to.

Opening lines

וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹסֵר.

And Rabbi Elazar prohibits.

וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַיְּתוֹמָה

And likewise, one who divorces the orphan girl

וְהֶחְזִירָהּ — מוּתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם.

and took her back: she is permitted to the yavam.

וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹסֵר.

And Rabbi Elazar prohibits.

The steps (30)

  1. Statementרבי אלעזר disagrees, and the orphan girl case
  2. StatementA minor married off by her father: everyone forbids
  3. StatementEifa's reason for רבי אלעזר
  4. ChallengeThen she shouldn't need חליצה either
  5. ChallengeA ברייתא says רבי אלעזר requires חליצה
  6. ConclusionEifa admits he doesn't know the reason
  7. Resolutionאביי: רבי אלעזר is unsure what makes her fall to ייבום
  8. Resolutionרבא: The worry is that people do not know about the remarriage
  9. ChallengeBut a remarriage is public
  10. ResolutionHe may have remarried her at night and died in the morning
  11. Resolutionרב אשי: A decree because of the minor 'orphan in her father's lifetime'
  12. ProofSupport from the סיפא of the משנה
  13. QuestionWhy would the משנה state something obvious?
  14. ConclusionThe סיפא teaches רבי אלעזר's reason
  15. ProofA ברייתא supports רב אשי
  16. StatementThe agreement applies only if she was a minor at both stages
  17. Statementרבי אלעזר still requires חליצה in those cases
  18. Questionרבא asks about the rival wife
  19. ResponseNo decree on top of a decree
  20. ChallengeA ברייתא seems to include the rival wife
  21. ChallengeThe ברייתא must mean one or the other
  22. ResolutionFix the wording a different way
  23. StatementTwo brothers married to two minor sisters, and the simple cases
  24. StatementThe adult's husband died: teach the minor to refuse
  25. StatementDo not push her; if she does not refuse, wait until she grows up
  26. StatementWoe to him: he loses both women
  27. ChallengeHow can we tell the minor to refuse when בר קפרא says to stay away from refusal?
  28. ResolutionA refusal done for a מצוה is different
  29. StatementExplaining 'cling to חליצה' through the view of אבא שאול
  30. StatementCling to bringing peace, based on a פסוק