Gemara Clarity

Yevamos 56a

יבמות נ״ו ע״א

Yevamot 56a

Learn Yevamos 56a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

What a יבם acquires through העראה, especially whether the יבמה may eat תרומה, plus רבי נתן's view on the wife of a deaf כהן

Overview

This amud opens by finishing an earlier statement: contact below a set minimum is 'only a kiss' and carries no punishment, a view that disagrees with שמואל. It then asks what the משנה means when it says a יבם 'acquires' his יבמה even through העראה. רב says he acquires her for everything. שמואל says he acquires her only for what the יבום section mentions, so the question is whether she may eat תרומה. The גמרא gives two versions of where they argue: about a woman who was only engaged to the brother, or about one who was fully married. In each version a ברייתא about a deaf-mute husband and a deaf-mute יבם is brought against שמואל. In the first version שמואל answers by rereading the ברייתא. In the second version the challenge against him stands as a קשיא. Next comes a ברייתא about a son born to the wife of a כהן who became a חרש, where רבי נתן and חכמים argue about whether she keeps eating after the son dies. רבה's explanation of רבי נתן is rejected by אביי. רב יוסף's explanation also ends with a קשיא. The amud closes by quoting the משנה's line about anyone who has relations with one of the עריות, and רב עמרם begins reporting a teaching of רב ששת, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ — אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא נְשִׁיקָה,

From this point forward, it is only a kiss,

וּפָטוּר עָלֶיהָ.

and he is exempt for it.

וּפְלִיג אַדִּשְׁמוּאֵל.

And it disagrees with Shmuel.

אֶחָד הַמְעָרֶה וְאֶחָד הַגּוֹמֵר — קָנָה.

Both one who engages in the first stage and one who completes have acquired.

The steps (32)

  1. StatementLess than the minimum is only a kiss
  2. ConclusionThis view disagrees with שמואל
  3. QuestionWhat does 'acquired' mean in the משנה?
  4. Responseרב: he acquires her for everything
  5. Responseשמואל: only for the laws written in the יבום section
  6. StatementWhere they really argue: an engaged woman, not a married one
  7. Statementרב's reason: the Torah treats every יבום act as a full one
  8. Statementשמואל's reason: the יבם replaces the husband but doesn't go beyond him
  9. Statementשמואל is consistent with his general rule
  10. ChallengeA ברייתא about a deaf-mute husband and a deaf-mute יבם
  11. ChallengeThe ברייתא fits רב but is hard for שמואל
  12. Resolutionשמואל rereads the ברייתא: the husband married her first
  13. ResolutionWhat 'in this' means: the deaf-mute יבם is stronger
  14. StatementSecond version: engaged woman, everyone agrees she does not eat
  15. StatementThe real argument: a fully married woman and ביאת שוגג
  16. ChallengeChallenge from שמואל's own rule
  17. ResolutionReread the rule: it is about the type of ביאה
  18. ChallengeA ברייתא where a deaf יבם does more than a deaf husband
  19. ConclusionThe challenge against שמואל stands
  20. StatementA ברייתא about a son born to the wife of a deaf כהן
  21. QuestionWhy does רבי נתן let her keep eating?
  22. Responseרבה: She already ate
  23. Challengeאביי: Then a widow of a כהן should also keep eating
  24. Responseרב יוסף: רבי נתן holds that marriage to a חרש lets her eat
  25. Challengeאביי: Then why mention the son?
  26. ResolutionThe son is mentioned because of the רבנן
  27. ChallengeWhy doesn't רבי נתן disagree in the first clause?
  28. Resolutionרבי נתן waited for the רבנן to finish
  29. ChallengeThen רבי נתן should come after 'if the son died'
  30. ConclusionThe question stays unanswered
  31. StatementQuoting the משנה: anyone who has relations with one of the עריות
  32. Statementרב עמרם introduces a teaching from רב ששת