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Yevamos 56b

יבמות נ״ו ע״ב

Yevamot 56b

Learn Yevamos 56b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

A raped wife and כהונה, lashes for a כהן whose wife was raped, and whether a forbidden engagement to a כהן stops a woman from eating תרומה.

Overview

The amud opens with a ruling that an אשת ישראל who was raped stays permitted to her husband but becomes unfit for כהונה. It is supported from the word "וכן" in our משנה. The גמרא pushes the proof off by searching for another detail "וכן" might carry over, and it settles on שלא כדרכה with חייבי לאוין. Next comes a ruling that a כהן whose wife was raped is lashed for living with her. In one version this is רבא's ruling, giving lashes for זונה as well as טומאה. In the other version it is רבה's ruling, giving lashes for טומאה only. רבי זירא objects that the ban is only a לאו הבא מכלל עשה, which carries no lashes. The answer in each version is that every wife starts out under a real לאו, and the פסוק removes only the forced ישראל's wife. A new משנה then asks whether a woman forbidden to a כהן may eat תרומה while she is only engaged to him. The גמרא brings רבי מאיר's קל וחומר and the Sages' answer to it. Finally it applies this argument to a פצוע דכא כהן engaged to a בת ישראל, a discussion that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְאַנְהֲרִינְהוּ לְעַיְינִין מִמַּתְנִיתִין:

And he lit up our eyes from the משנה:

אֵשֶׁת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנֶּאֶנְסָה,

The wife of a ישראל who was raped,

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוּתֶּרֶת לְבַעְלָהּ —

even though she is permitted to her husband,

פְּסוּלָה לִכְהוּנָּה.

she is unfit to marry a כהן.

The steps (24)

  1. StatementA raped wife is still permitted to her husband but unfit for a כהן
  2. ProofQuoting the משנה's "וכן" line
  3. Proof"וכן" includes a forced act, so rape disqualifies
  4. RejectionMaybe "וכן" refers only to the first stage of relations
  5. Challengeהעראה with עריות could not be learned from יבמה
  6. ResolutionMaybe "וכן" refers to unnatural relations
  7. ChallengeUnnatural relations are also written first about עריות
  8. Resolution"וכן" refers to unusual relations with women forbidden by a plain לאו
  9. Statementרבא: a כהן is lashed for living with his wife after she was forced
  10. ChallengeWhy only זונה and not also טומאה?
  11. ResolutionRead רבא as saying "also because of זונה"
  12. Challengeרבי זירא: the ban on a forced כהן's wife is only a לאו הבא מכלל עשה
  13. Resolutionרבה: every adulterous wife starts out as a זונה
  14. StatementSecond version: רבה gives lashes only for impurity
  15. ConclusionInference: a forced woman is not called a זונה
  16. Challengeרבי זירא: the impurity ban is only an indirect rule
  17. Resolutionרבא: every wife starts out under 'after she was made impure'
  18. StatementA forbidden engagement to a כהן and eating תרומה
  19. StatementAfter being widowed or divorced: marriage versus engagement
  20. Proofרבי מאיר's קל וחומר for the first opinion
  21. Rejectionחכמים break the קל וחומר
  22. StatementA new case that fits the earlier argument
  23. StatementAccording to רבי מאיר she may not eat
  24. StatementStarting the view of רבי אלעזר and רבי שמעון