Yoma 10a

יומא י׳ ע״א

Learn Yoma 10a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

יפת and the nations of בראשית פרק י, whether רומי or פרס will fall first, and the מזוזה in לשכת פרהדרין

Overview

The amud opens by finishing an earlier point. Even though פרס, a descendant of יפת, helped build the second בית המקדש, the שכינה rests only in the 'tents of שם', meaning the first בית המקדש. The גמרא proves that פרס comes from יפת: רב יוסף teaches that תירס, one of יפת's sons, is פרס. It then explains many other names from בראשית פרק י, and it also explains the names of the three giants the spies saw in חברון. Next comes a debate about the future. רבי teaches that רומי will fall to פרס, 'the youngest of the flock'. רבה בר עולא challenges this, and a sage in ארץ ישראל defends it by reading 'youngest' as תירס, the youngest brother. A קל וחומר also supports רבי, while רב holds the opposite: פרס will fall to רומי, and a ברייתא backs him. Finally, the גמרא returns to לשכת פרהדרין and asks why only that chamber had a מזוזה. רבא explains that for רבי יהודה, a home not used all year is not a בית, and אביי challenges this from a פסוק and from the law of a סוכה. רבא's reply to the סוכה challenge comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (37)

1. ConclusionThe שכינה rests only in the tents of שם
2. QuestionHow do we know the Persians come from יפת?
3. ProofThe פסוק listing the sons of יפת
4. StatementIdentifying six of יפת's sons with known nations
5. StatementA dispute over the identity of תירס
6. Conclusionרב יוסף teaches that תירס is פרס
7. Statementרב יוסף identifies סבתה, רעמה and סבתכא
8. StatementIdentifying the cities of נמרוד's kingdom
9. Statementאשור is סילק
10. StatementIdentifying נינוה, רחובות עיר and כלח
11. Statementרסן is אקטיספון
12. QuestionWhich city is called the great city?
13. Responseספר יונה shows נינוה is the great city
14. StatementWhat the names of the three giants mean
15. StatementAnother explanation: the cities each giant built
16. StatementWhat 'ילידי הענק' means
17. StatementRome will fall into the hands of Persia
18. QuestionHow do we know the flock means Persia?
19. ResponsePersia is called a ram in Daniel
20. ChallengeMaybe the flock means Greece
21. RejectionA sage rejects רבה בר עולא's challenge
22. ResolutionYoungest of the flock means the youngest brother, which is פרס
23. StatementA קל וחומר that רומי will fall to פרס
24. Statementרב: פרס will fall to רומי
25. ChallengeStudents ask: should the builders fall to the destroyers?
26. Resolutionרב answers: it is the King's decree
27. ResolutionAnother version: the Persians also destroy synagogues
28. ProofA ברייתא supports רב with both reasons
29. Proofרומי will rule the whole world for nine months before משיח
30. StatementOnly לשכת פרהדרין had a מזוזה
31. Statementרבי יהודה says the מזוזה there was only a rabbinic גזירה
32. QuestionWhy does רבי יהודה exempt the chambers?
33. ResponseA house not used all year is not a house
34. ChallengeA verse calls a winter house a house
35. ResolutionIt is called a winter house, not simply a house
36. Challengeרבי יהודה requires a מזוזה even on a סוכה
37. ChallengeBlocking the answer that the ברייתא is only rabbinic