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Yoma 3a

יומא ג׳ ע״א

Learn Yoma 3a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Why the כהן גדול's seven-day separation before יום הכפורים is learned from the מילואים, and not from שמיני עצרת, שבועות, or ראש השנה

Overview

Earlier, the גמרא learned the seven-day separation of the כהן גדול before יום הכפורים from the seven days of the מילואים. It also explained why the separation is not learned from שמיני עצרת: that day is a make-up day for the first day of סוכות. The amud opens with פז"ר קש"ב, a memory aid that admits שמיני עצרת is its own holiday in six ways. For תשלומין (making up missed offerings), though, it is still part of סוכות, so it is still excluded. Next the גמרא asks why we don't learn from שבועות. רבי אבא answers that יום הכפורים and the מילואים both have one bull and one ram, while שבועות has two rams. A ברייתא shows that רבי אליעזר ברבי שמעון holds יום הכפורים also has two rams. The גמרא answers that even so, only one of them belongs to the day's own obligation. Then the גמרא suggests ראש השנה, and רבי אבהו says the comparison is to the כהן's own bull and ram, not community offerings. The amud ends by starting to question whether 'קח לך' really means 'from your own'. That challenge continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

פָּזֵ״ר קֶשֶׁ״ב.

P-Z-R K-Sh-B (Lottery, Time-blessing, Festival, Offering, Song, Blessing).

אֲבָל לְעִנְיַן תַּשְׁלוּמִין,

But regarding make-up offerings,

תַּשְׁלוּמִין דְּרִאשׁוֹן הוּא,

it is a make-up day for the first (holiday),

דְּהָא תְּנַן:

as we learned in a משנה:

The steps (10)

  1. ResolutionA memory aid: שמיני עצרת is its own holiday
  2. ResolutionOne way שמיני עצרת does count with סוכות: making up missed offerings
  3. ChallengeChallenge: why not learn the separation from שבועות?
  4. Resolutionרבי אבא: match one bull and one ram to one bull and one ram
  5. ChallengeChallenge: what about the view that יום הכפורים has two rams?
  6. ProofThe ברייתא: a dispute over one ram or two on יום הכפורים
  7. ResolutionEven with two rams, יום הכפורים is still different from שבועות
  8. ChallengeMaybe we should learn from ראש השנה instead
  9. Resolutionרבי אבהו: the comparison is about the כהן's own bull and ram
  10. ChallengeSetting up a challenge: does 'קח לך' mean from your own property?