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Yoma 57b

יומא נ״ז ע״ב

Learn Yoma 57b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Mixed-up blood of the פר and שעיר on יום הכיפורים, what happens to unused blood (שירים or דחויין), and mixing the bloods for the corners of the inner מזבח

Overview

This amud continues the discussion of the blood sprinklings inside the היכל on יום הכיפורים. The כהן גדול sprinkles the blood of the פר first and then the blood of the שעיר. רבא gives the correct order to follow when the two bloods got mixed together. The גמרא then covers two more cases: if the cups were switched, he sprinkles three full sets, and if some blood stayed unmixed, he simply uses the blood whose identity is certain. Next it asks whether the unused mixed blood is שירים, which goes to the יסוד, or דחויין, which goes to the אמה. רב פפא and רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע take opposite sides on this. Their debate rests on a ברייתא in which the תנא קמא and רבי אליעזר ברבי שמעון disagree about blood left in unused cups, and רב אשי explains what 'its blood' excludes. Finally, the גמרא turns to the next line of the משנה, where the blood of the פר is poured into the blood of the שעיר. It shows that the משנה follows רבי יאשיה, who holds that the bloods are mixed before being put on the corners, and that ברייתא continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא:

Rather, Rava said:

נוֹתֵן שֶׁבַע לְמַטָּה לְשֵׁם פַּר,

He presents seven downward for the purpose of the bull,

וְחוֹזֵר וְנוֹתֵן אַחַת לְמַעְלָה

and he again presents one upward

וְשֶׁבַע לְמַטָּה לְשֵׁם שָׂעִיר.

and seven downward for the purpose of the goat.

The steps (18)

  1. Responseרבא's corrected procedure for mixed blood
  2. QuestionNew case: the cups got switched
  3. ResponseSprinkle three full sets
  4. StatementPartial mixture: use the blood that is certain
  5. QuestionWhat happens to the mixed blood that was not used?
  6. Responseרב פפא: the unused blood is rejected
  7. Rejectionרב הונא: on the contrary, the unused blood is leftover
  8. ProofThe ברייתא behind the two-cups dispute begins
  9. ProofBlood sprinkled from each of four cups all goes to the base
  10. ProofIf all sprinklings came from one cup, only that cup goes to the base
  11. Statementרבי אליעזר ברבי שמעון says all four cups go to the base
  12. ChallengeWhat does רבי אליעזר ברבי שמעון do with 'its blood'?
  13. Resolutionרב אשי: 'its blood' excludes blood left in the animal's neck
  14. StatementThe משנה follows the view that the bloods are mixed for the corners
  15. Statementרבי יאשיה and רבי יונתן argue about mixing
  16. Proofרבי יאשיה must be the one who requires mixing
  17. RejectionEven רבי יונתן could require mixing because the פסוק says 'once'
  18. ProofA ברייתא confirms that רבי יאשיה is the one who mixes