Yoma 61a

יומא ס״א ע״א

Learn Yoma 61a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The order and units of the יום הכפורים blood sprinklings, who is atoned for, and what happens when the blood (or a מצורע's oil) spills

Overview

This amud first closes an earlier point: the משנה simply is not talking about the קטורת. עולא then rules that slaughtering the שעיר before the פר's blood is sprinkled inside does not count. He explains that the משנה's case of 'just sprinkle again' refers only to the היכל sprinklings, and רבי אפס agrees. A ברייתא reads the verse 'וכפר את מקדש הקודש' as listing places and people atoned for. רבי יהודה says כהנים, ישראל, and לוים all get atonement from the שעיר המשתלח, while רבי שמעון says the כהנים get theirs from the פר. Another ברייתא teaches that the sprinklings in the לפני ולפנים, the היכל, and on the מזבח are each a separate כפרה. So if blood spills, a finished unit is never repeated. The unnamed חכמים (רבי מאיר) say an interrupted unit restarts, and רבי אלעזר and רבי שמעון say he continues where he stopped. רבי יוחנן explains that both sides read the word 'אחת' in one verse differently. The גמרא shows the same מחלוקת applies to the מצורע's לוג of oil, and explains from the double 'leftover' wording why the oil on the head is not essential. A new statement of רבי יוחנן begins at the end and continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (27)

1. RejectionThe משנה is not discussing the incense
2. Statementעולא: slaughtering the goat too early is worthless
3. ChallengeChallenge from the משנה to עולא
4. Resolutionעולא: the משנה means the Sanctuary sprinklings
5. Proofרבי אפס says the same
6. StatementQuoting the משנה: likewise in the Sanctuary and on the altar
7. StatementThe ברייתא: which places the verse atones for
8. StatementThe ברייתא: which people the verse atones for
9. Statementרבי יהודה: all groups share one atonement through the scapegoat
10. Statementרבי שמעון: the bull's blood atones for the כהנים like the goat's blood atones for ישראל
11. Statementרבי שמעון: the bull's confession atones for the priests' other sins
12. StatementA ברייתא: each place of sprinkling is its own separate atonement
13. StatementBlood spilled in the middle of the inside sprinklings
14. StatementBlood spilled after finishing the inside sprinklings
15. StatementBlood spilled in the middle of the Sanctuary sprinklings
16. StatementBlood spills after the היכל unit is finished
17. StatementBlood spills partway through the altar sprinklings
18. StatementBlood spills after all the sprinklings are done
19. StatementBoth sides learn from the same verse
20. StatementOne חטאת versus one sprinkling
21. Statementרבי יעקב's distinction about the לוג of oil
22. ChallengeA ברייתא shows the same argument about the oil
23. ResolutionChanging the wording: רבי יעקב taught the argument about the oil too
24. QuestionWhy is the oil on the head not essential?
25. ChallengeTesting the source 'the rest of the oil' against the מנחה
26. ResolutionThe מצורע's oil uses two 'leftover' words
27. StatementOpening of a new statement by רבי יוחנן