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Yoma 62a

יומא ס״ב ע״א

Learn Yoma 62a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Sending only one שעיר המשתלח and which one (ראשון or אחרון), then the new פרק's משנה on the two שעירי יום הכפורים

Overview

This amud finishes the discussion of the שעיר המשתלח. Someone challenges the rule that only one is sent, since sometimes several goats are burned. The answer is that the פסוק says "אותו" about the scapegoat, which limits it to one. Then two reports in the name of רבא disagree about which goat is sent when several are available. רב שימי says the last one, because the כפרה is completed with it. רב פפי says the first one, following רבי יוסי's rule of מצוה בראשון. The גמרא first tries to find this rule in רבי יוסי's ruling about the three labeled קופות, but rejects that source. It settles on his ruling about a lost-and-found קרבן פסח instead. After the הדרן, a new פרק opens with a משנה about the two שעירי יום הכפורים. The משנה covers how the goats should ideally match, and what to do if one dies before or after the lottery. It ends with the מחלוקת between the תנא קמא and רבי יהודה about the leftover goat.

Opening lines

וְכִי עֶדְרוֹ שׂוֹרֵף?

And does he burn his flock?

מִי דָּמֵי —

Is it comparable?

הָתָם לָא כְּתִיב ״אוֹתוֹ״,

There (about burning), "it" is not written,

הָכָא כְּתִיב ״אוֹתוֹ״.

here (about the scapegoat), "it" is written.

The steps (16)

  1. ChallengeChallenge: We burn several goats, so why not send several?
  2. ResolutionAnswer: The verse says "it" only about the scapegoat
  3. StatementA dispute: send the first goat or the last one?
  4. QuestionThe last-goat view makes sense, but why the first?
  5. ResponseThe first-goat view follows רבי יוסי
  6. QuestionWhich ruling of רבי יוסי? A first candidate: the three containers
  7. Proofרבי יוסי explains the labels: the first container is used first
  8. RejectionThe containers proof does not work
  9. ProofA better source: רבי יוסי on the lost פסח
  10. Conclusionהדרן — Closing פרק הוציאו לו
  11. StatementThe two goats of יום הכפורים should ideally be identical
  12. StatementIf one of the two goats dies
  13. StatementThe stipulation for the new pair
  14. StatementWhat happens to the extra goat
  15. Statementרבי יהודה says the extra goat is left to die
  16. Statementרבי יהודה: the two goats depend on each other