Yoma 62b

יומא ס״ב ע״ב

Learn Yoma 62b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Matching pairs of animals (the יום הכפורים goats, the מצורע's lambs and birds, the תמיד and מוסף lambs), and liability for slaughtering the יום הכפורים goats outside the עזרה before the lottery

Overview

The גמרא begins with a ברייתא about the two goats of יום הכפורים. The extra word ״שני״ teaches that the goats should ideally be identical, and the repeated word ״שעיר״ teaches that they are still valid if they are not. Because ״שני״ appears three times, we might have thought matching was essential (עיכובא). Now that it is not, the three ״שני״ teach that the goats should match in appearance, height, and value. The same pattern is then applied to the מצורע's lambs and birds. There the word ״תהיה״ could have made matching essential, and it still makes the rest of the מצורע's procedures מעכב. The גמרא asks whether the two lambs of the תמיד should also match, and answers that ״שנים ליום״ is needed to teach that each lamb is slaughtered facing the sun. The two lambs of מוסף שבת, however, should certainly match. A new ברייתא then rules on slaughtering the יום הכפורים goats outside the עזרה, before and after the הגרלה. רב חסדא explains that before the lottery the goats are fit to be the outer מוסף goat, because waiting until later on the same day is not 'lacking time.' רבינא begins to apply רב חסדא's idea to שמואל's rule about שלמים slaughtered before the היכל doors were opened, and that discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. StatementThe word 'two' teaches the goats should be identical
2. StatementThe repeated word 'goat' teaches they are valid even if not identical
3. ChallengeWhy would we think non-identical goats are invalid?
4. ResolutionBecause 'two' is written three times
5. QuestionThen why is 'two' written three times?
6. ResponseAppearance, height, and value
7. StatementThe same pattern applies to the lambs of a leper
8. ChallengeWhy would mismatched lambs ever be invalid?
9. ResolutionThe word ״תהיה״ could have made it essential
10. QuestionThen what is ״תהיה״ for?
11. Response״תהיה״ applies to the rest of the מצורע's procedures
12. StatementThe same pattern applies to the leper's birds
13. ChallengeWhy would mismatched birds ever be invalid?
14. ResolutionThe word ״תהיה״ could have made matching required
15. QuestionThen what does ״תהיה״ still teach?
16. Response״תהיה״ applies to the rest of the מצורע's purification
17. ChallengeShould the daily lambs also have to match?
18. Resolution״שנים״ for the תמיד teaches facing the sun
19. QuestionDoes 'two for the day' mean facing the sun or just the daily obligation?
20. ResponseAnother verse already gives the daily count, so 'two' teaches facing the sun
21. StatementWhere each תמיד was slaughtered
22. ConclusionThe two lambs of the מוסף of שבת should certainly match
23. StatementSlaughtering the two יום הכיפורים goats outside, before or after the lottery
24. QuestionFor what are the goats fit before the lottery?
25. Responseרב חסדא: they are fit for the outer goat
26. ChallengeThey are not ready for the outer goat either
27. ResolutionWaiting for later on the same day is not lacking time
28. Statementרבינא connects רב חסדא to closed Sanctuary doors