Yoma 65a

יומא ס״ה ע״א

Learn Yoma 65a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The extra goat of יום הכפורים and the views of רב, רבי יוחנן, and רבי יהודה; the scapegoat that dies; and whether this year's offerings and שקלים can serve next year.

Overview

One goat of the יום הכפורים pair died, so a new pair was brought, and now there is one goat too many. רב says the surviving goat of the first pair is offered and the extra goat of the second pair grazes. רבי יוחנן says the second pair's goat is offered and the first pair's leftover goat grazes. The גמרא shows that רבי יוחנן's view fits a rule everyone accepts. It then challenges רב by comparing his case to setting aside two backup חטאות, and answers that רב follows רבי יוסי. Next it tests both views against רבי יהודה's rulings in the משנה. In one version, the word 'ועוד' remains a difficulty for רבי יוחנן. The גמרא then uses a פסוק to explain why, for רבי יהודה, the scapegoat must stay alive until its partner's blood is applied. Finally, it brings a משנה about lost שקלים, where רבי יהודה lets them count for next year. רבא says the reason is that this year's offerings can be brought next year. אביי challenges this from lost יום הכפורים offerings, and רבא's reply begins on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (16)

1. StatementEveryone agrees: if atonement came through the animal that was never lost, the lost one dies
2. ChallengeChallenge to רב: his case looks like setting aside two sin-offerings as backup
3. ResolutionAnswer: רב follows רבי יוסי, so the second animal was designated 'to be lost' from the start
4. ChallengeOpening a challenge from רבי יהודה's ruling that the extra goat dies
5. ChallengeAccording to רב, how does רבי יהודה's view allow any atonement?
6. Resolutionרבי יהודה was talking about the first pair's goat
7. ChallengeAnother version of the challenge quotes רבי יהודה's 'furthermore'
8. Challenge'Furthermore' fits רב but not רבי יוחנן
9. ChallengeWhy spilled blood makes the scapegoat die
10. ChallengeWhy should the scapegoat's death ruin the other goat's blood?
11. ResolutionThe scapegoat must stay alive until its partner's blood is applied
12. StatementA משנה about city shekels that were stolen or lost
13. StatementThe lost coins are found: do they count for next year?
14. QuestionWhy does רבי יהודה say the coins count for next year?
15. Responseרבא explains: this year's offerings can be brought next year
16. Challengeאביי challenges רבא from lost יום הכפורים offerings