Gemara Clarity

Yoma 65b

יומא ס״ה ע״ב

Learn Yoma 65b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Why the leftover פר and שעיר of יום הכפורים are left to die (ימותו) instead of being saved for next year's יום הכפורים

Overview

On the previous amud, the גמרא asked why a leftover פר and שעיר of יום הכפורים must be left to die (ימותו) instead of being offered next year. The first answer is that communal offerings must come from the new year's funds, based on רבי טבי in the name of רבי יאשיה. That answer falls. It does not fit the כהן גדול's private פר, a mere גזירה seems too weak to justify death, and רב יהודה in the name of שמואל shows the 'new funds' rule is only an ideal מצוה. רבי זירא then says a גורל does not carry over from one year to the next, and a new lottery is forbidden so people won't think it does. This again explains only the שעיר, and extending it to the פר by decree is rejected. The rabbis before אביי suggest the פר is a decree because the כהן גדול might die, making it a חטאת שמתו בעליה. For the שעיר, the decree is because it would become a חטאת שעברה שנתה. The word 'decree' fits because, under רבי's 365-day year, a very young goat could still be within its first year by next יום הכפורים.

Opening lines

קׇרְבְּנוֹת צִבּוּר קָא אָמְרַתְּ?

You speak of communal offerings?

שָׁאנֵי קׇרְבְּנוֹת צִבּוּר,

Communal offerings are different,

כִּדְרַבִּי טָבִי אָמַר רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה.

in accordance with what Rabbi Tavi said in the name of Rabbi Yoshiya.

דְּאָמַר רַבִּי טָבִי אָמַר רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה:

As Rabbi Tavi said in the name of Rabbi Yoshiya:

The steps (21)

  1. ResolutionCommunal offerings must come from new funds
  2. ProofThe verse: renew and bring from new funds
  3. ChallengeThat works for the goat, but what about the bull?
  4. ResolutionA rabbinic decree: the bull because of the goat
  5. ChallengeWould the rabbis let animals die just for a decree?
  6. ChallengeSecond problem: the 'new funds' rule is only an ideal
  7. Proofשמואל: old funds still count
  8. Resolutionרבי זירא: a lottery does not carry over to the next year
  9. ChallengeWhy not just hold a new lottery?
  10. ResolutionDecree: people might think the lottery carries over
  11. ChallengeThe lottery reason does not explain the bull
  12. ResolutionA decree on the bull because of the goat
  13. ChallengeCan a mere decree make the animals die?
  14. ResolutionThe rabbis before אביי: fear the כהן גדול may die
  15. ChallengeThat works for the bull, but not the goat
  16. ResolutionA decree on the goat because of the bull
  17. ChallengeAgain: can a decree make the goat die?
  18. ResolutionFinal reason: the sin-offering may pass its year
  19. ChallengeWhy call it a decree? It is truly too old!
  20. ResolutionNot difficult: this follows רבי
  21. ProofThe ברייתא: how to count a full year