Gemara Clarity

Yoma 74b

יומא ע״ד ע״ב

Learn Yoma 74b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The end of the כוי proof, and the source and nature of the עינוי (fasting) of יום כיפור, with related אגדה about the מן

Overview

The amud opens by finishing an earlier argument. The גמרא had tried to support ריש לקיש about חצי שיעור from the fact that a פסוק includes the כוי. The גמרא rejects that proof: a כוי is its own creature (בריה בפני עצמה), so a פסוק can include it even though a mere doubt would not need one. Then a new topic begins: what does 'תענו את נפשותיכם' on יום כיפור mean? Two ברייתות compare עינוי to מלאכה. The first says affliction is passive and the same for everyone. The second links it to eating, and then climbs a ladder from פיגול and נותר up to קדשים, showing that every kind of food is forbidden. Further proofs come from 'I will destroy that soul' and from the school of רבי ישמעאל, who learns from the hunger in the desert. After rejecting comparisons to לבן's daughters and to Egypt, the גמרא concludes that a Heaven-sent affliction is learned from a Heaven-sent affliction. The amud ends with אגדה about why the מן was an affliction and about the value of seeing your food. It then begins a new dispute between רבי אמי and רבי אסי about wine, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

כּוֹי בְּרִיָּה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ הִיא.

A koy is a creature of its own kind.

דְּאִי לָא תֵּימָא הָכִי,

For if you do not say so,

הָא דְּאָמַר רַב אִידִי בַּר אָבִין:

then that which Rav Idi bar Avin said:

אַף ״כׇּל״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי כּוֹי,

also 'all' comes to include the koy,

The steps (29)

  1. RejectionThe proof is rejected because a כוי is its own creature
  2. ProofProof from רב אידי בר אבין that a כוי is a separate creature
  3. ConclusionA unique creature is different, so the proof for ריש לקיש falls
  4. StatementAffliction on יום הכיפורים is passive, like the ban on מלאכה
  5. ChallengeMaybe 'passive' means leaving someone in discomfort
  6. ResolutionLike מלאכה, affliction does not depend on personal situations
  7. StatementA second ברייתא: affliction parallels a ban that carries כרת
  8. QuestionWhich act is meant?
  9. ResponseThe answer: eating פיגול and נותר
  10. StatementExpanding from פיגול and נותר to טבל
  11. StatementExpanding from טבל to נבילה
  12. StatementExpanding from נבילה to ordinary food (חולין)
  13. StatementExpanding from חולין to תרומה
  14. ConclusionFinal expansion to sacred offerings: all food is included
  15. ProofExtra proof: the affliction that can destroy a soul
  16. QuestionWhy was the extra proof needed?
  17. ResponseSomeone might think the verse means avoiding forbidden relations
  18. Proofרבי ישמעאל's school: learn from the hunger in the desert
  19. ChallengeWhy not learn from לבן's warning to יעקב?
  20. ResolutionLearn a group's affliction from a group's affliction
  21. ChallengeWhy not learn from the affliction in Egypt?
  22. ResolutionAffliction from Heaven is learned from affliction from Heaven
  23. QuestionHow was eating the manna an affliction?
  24. ResponseTwo explanations of the manna's affliction
  25. StatementA hint about blind people
  26. StatementEat your meal in daylight
  27. ProofA verse for the value of seeing
  28. StatementAnother use of the same verse
  29. StatementA new dispute about a verse on wine