Yoma 77a

יומא ע״ז ע״א

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Topic

The אגדה of the destruction and גבריאל's punishment, then the sources that bathing, wearing shoes, and marital relations count as עינוי on יום כיפור

Overview

This amud opens with אגדה. It finishes the list of sins יחזקאל saw in the בית המקדש, including men who turned their backs to the היכל in open contempt. הקב״ה decrees fire on ירושלים, and גבריאל is punished for changing how he carried out the mission and for reporting the destruction. Yet the cooling of the coals during the handoff is what let the Jewish people survive. דוביאל, the angel of Persia, takes גבריאל's place and gets a tax decree written against Israel and the רבנן. גבריאל wins his way back by praising דניאל, but דוביאל swallows the decree, so in Persia only some people pay the tax. The גמרא then returns to the halacha of יום כיפור and looks for פסוקים showing that each holding-back counts as עינוי. Bathing is proven from 'מים קרים על נפש עיפה'. After two proofs are rejected, not wearing shoes is proven from ירמיהו's 'מנעי רגלך מיחף'. Finally, holding back from תשמיש המטה is learned from לבן's words 'אם תענה את בנותי'.

Opening lines

The steps (40)

1. StatementThe sun-worshippers at the entrance of the Sanctuary
2. QuestionWhy does the verse mention their backs?
3. ResponseThey showed open contempt toward the Sanctuary
4. StatementGod tells מיכאל that his nation sinned
5. Statementגבריאל is sent with coals of fire
6. StatementThe cooled coals saved the Jewish people
7. Statementגבריאל reports that the mission is done
8. Statementגבריאל is cast out and struck with fire
9. StatementWhy גבריאל was punished: two charges
10. StatementThe angel of Persia replaces גבריאל
11. ProofA verse in דניאל about the twenty-one days
12. StatementPersia is given twenty-one kings and משהיג
13. Statementדוביאל has a tax decree written against Israel and the רבנן
14. Statementגבריאל protests with a verse from תהלים
15. QuestionWhat does 'He gives His beloved sleep' mean
16. Responseרבי יצחק: the wives of תלמידי חכמים
17. StatementNo one listens to גבריאל
18. Statementגבריאל argues that דניאל outweighs all the wise men of the nations
19. StatementGod asks who is defending His children, and calls גבריאל in
20. ProofVerse: 'And I have come because of your words'
21. Statementגבריאל is brought back inside
22. Statementדוביאל swallows the decree
23. StatementFirst version: the decree was written but not signed
24. StatementSecond version: it was signed, but swallowing erased it
25. ConclusionWhy some in Persia pay tax and some do not
26. StatementGreece rises and גבריאל cries out unheard
27. QuestionAnother way to find that bathing counts as affliction
28. ProofProof from אביתר and דוד being 'weary'
29. RejectionMaybe 'weary' means from going without shoes
30. Proofרבי יצחק's proof: cold water on a weary soul
31. ChallengeMaybe the cold water is for drinking
32. ResolutionThe word 'on' shows it means washing
33. QuestionWhere do we learn that going without shoes is affliction?
34. ProofProof from דוד walking barefoot up the Mount of Olives
35. RejectionMaybe 'barefoot' means without his horse and whip
36. Proofרב נחמן בר יצחק's proof from ישעיהו
37. RejectionMaybe ישעיהו just wore patched shoes
38. ProofA new proof from ירמיהו that being barefoot is suffering
39. QuestionWhere do we learn that holding back from marital relations is called suffering?
40. Proofלבן's warning to יעקב: 'if you afflict my daughters'