Gemara Clarity

Yoma 76b

יומא ע״ו ע״ב

Learn Yoma 76b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Yoma 76b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The meaning of שכר and תירוש, the two faces of wine, and the sources that refraining from anointing and bathing counts as עינוי on יום הכפורים.

Overview

This amud finishes a proof about the word שכר. It rejects the idea that sweet dried figs are included and learns from נזיר through a גזירה שוה that שכר means wine. The גמרא then asks whether תירוש means wine. A ברייתא about vows suggests it does not. The גמרא deflects two פסוקים, but a third, ״זנות ויין ותירוש יקח לב״, settles it: everyone agrees תירוש is wine in the פסוקים, and for vows we follow everyday speech. Wordplays on יין and תירוש, together with teachings of רב כהנא and רבא, show that wine can harm a person or raise him up, depending on whether he is worthy. Next the גמרא asks how we know that holding back from סיכה and רחיצה counts as עינוי on יום הכפורים. It proves anointing from דניאל's fast and the angel's word 'ולהתענות'. רב זוטרא's proof for bathing from תהלים is challenged by a משנה, so רב אשי learns bathing from ״וסוך לא סכתי״ itself. Finally, the גמרא asks what the angel meant by 'I have come because of your words' and begins an answer from יחזקאל's vision, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

(חַיָּיב).

(is liable).

אֶלָּא:

Rather:

יָלֵיף ״שֵׁכָר״ ״שֵׁכָר״ מִנָּזִיר,

we derive 'sheikhar' 'sheikhar' from the nazirite,

מָה לְהַלָּן — יַיִן,

just as there it is wine,

The steps (28)

  1. ProofEnd of the source: he is liable
  2. RejectionRather, שכר means wine, learned from נזיר
  3. ChallengeIs תירוש really wine? A vow suggests not
  4. ChallengeBut a פסוק says תירוש makes maidens speak
  5. ResolutionIt means something that comes from תירוש
  6. ChallengeBut a פסוק says the vats overflow with תירוש
  7. ResolutionAgain, what comes from תירוש fills the vats
  8. ChallengeA third verse shows תירוש makes a person drunk
  9. Resolutionתירוש is wine in the תורה, but נדרים follow everyday speech
  10. QuestionWhy does wine have two names?
  11. Responseיין brings wailing; תירוש brings poverty
  12. Statementרב כהנא: תירוש can make a person a head or a pauper
  13. Statementרבא: wine can bring joy or confusion
  14. Proofרבא: wine and fragrances make me wise
  15. QuestionHow do we know bathing and anointing count as affliction?
  16. ResponseThe verse about דניאל's fast
  17. QuestionWhat is 'pleasant bread'?
  18. Responseדניאל did not even eat refined wheat bread
  19. QuestionHow do we know דניאל's holding back counts as affliction?
  20. ResponseThe angel tells דניאל he afflicted himself
  21. QuestionAnointing is covered, but where is bathing?
  22. Responseרב זוטרא: water is compared to oil
  23. ChallengeMaybe the water means drinking
  24. ResolutionThe water is like the oil: used on the outside
  25. ChallengeA משנה reads the פסוק the opposite way
  26. Responseרב אשי: bathing comes from דניאל's own פסוק
  27. QuestionWhat does 'I have come because of your words' mean?
  28. ResponseStarting the answer: יחזקאל's vision of the elders