Gemara Clarity

Yoma 87b

יומא פ״ז ע״ב

Learn Yoma 87b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Forgiveness before יום הכפורים, the times and texts of וידוי, and the nature of the נעילה prayer

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a story. רב was reading before רבי. He started over for each great scholar who entered, but not for רבי חנינא בר חמא. רבי חנינא was hurt and refused רב's apologies for thirteen years. The גמרא explains both sides: רב went beyond the law, and רבי חנינא held back on purpose because of a dream that רב would lead in בבל. A ברייתא then teaches that וידוי is said before and after the last meal on ערב יום הכפורים and in every תפילה of יום הכפורים. Several אמוראים give different texts of וידוי, and מר זוטרא teaches that 'אבל אנחנו חטאנו' is the essential part. The גמרא then asks what נעילה is, and it rejects שמואל's view in favor of רב: נעילה is a full extra עמידה. Finally, רב rules that נעילה exempts one from ערבית. A ברייתא listing a ערבית after יום הכפורים challenges that ruling, and the discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אֲתָא רַבִּי חִיָּיא — הֲדַר לְרֵישָׁא.

Rabbi Chiyya came in — he went back to the beginning.

עֲיַיל בַּר קַפָּרָא — הֲדַר לְרֵישָׁא.

Bar Kappara entered — he went back to the beginning.

אֲתָא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרַבִּי — הֲדַר לְרֵישָׁא.

Rabbi Shimon son of Rebbi came — he went back to the beginning.

אֲתָא רַבִּי חֲנִינָא (בַּר) חָמָא, אָמַר:

Rabbi Chanina bar Chama came; Rav said:

The steps (30)

  1. Statementרב restarts for each scholar but not for רבי חנינא
  2. Statementרבי חנינא is offended and refuses to forgive for thirteen years
  3. ChallengeWhy did רב ask more than three times?
  4. Resolutionרב is different
  5. ChallengeWhy did רבי חנינא refuse to forgive?
  6. Resolutionרבי חנינא's dream: רב was destined to lead
  7. StatementMain time of confession and confessing before the meal
  8. StatementConfessing again after the meal
  9. ConclusionConfession in every prayer of יום הכפורים
  10. StatementWhere in davening the confession is said
  11. QuestionWhat are the words of the confession?
  12. ResponseDifferent opening lines for the confession
  13. Responseרב המנונא's personal confession
  14. StatementWho used רב המנונא's confession and when
  15. StatementSaying 'But we have sinned' is enough
  16. Proofשמואל stood up at 'But we have sinned'
  17. Statementמשנה: כהנים bless four times a day on three occasions
  18. QuestionWhat is the closing of the gates?
  19. Responseרב says a full extra prayer, שמואל says only a confession text
  20. ChallengeA ברייתא lists five full prayers on יום הכפורים
  21. ResolutionAn attempt to call it a dispute of תנאים
  22. Conclusionשמואל is refuted
  23. Statementעולא בר רב leads נעילה before רבא
  24. StatementAn individual says it after his prayer
  25. Statementנעילה exempts the evening prayer
  26. Statementרב is consistent with his own view
  27. ChallengeHow can רב say נעילה exempts ערבית if he holds ערבית is optional?
  28. Resolutionרב was speaking according to the view that ערבית is required
  29. ChallengeA ברייתא lists a ערבית after נעילה
  30. Statementרבי חנינא בן גמליאל: the ערבית after יום הכפורים is the full eighteen