Zevachim 108b

זבחים ק״ח ע״ב

Learn Zevachim 108b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Zevachim 108b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Liability for slaughtering and offering up outside: partners, the arguments of רבי שמעון and רבי יוסי about איש איש and ההוא, offering up in parts, and whether a real מזבח is needed.

Overview

The amud opens by explaining why the word ההוא ("that man") exempts two partners who slaughter outside, but not two partners who offer up outside. The slaughtering פסוק writes ההוא twice, and the offering-up פסוק writes it only once. The word לה׳ is explained as excluding the שעיר המשתלח. Next, a ברייתא brings the argument between רבי שמעון and רבי יוסי. רבי שמעון learns from איש איש that partners who offer up together are liable. רבי יוסי learns from ההוא that they are exempt, and he treats איש איש as ordinary speech. The גמרא then asks what the משנה's argument about offering up several times is really about. ריש לקיש, רבי יוחנן, two versions of עולא and אבוה דשמואל each give an answer, built on whole limbs versus incomplete parts and parts meant for inside versus outside. The amud then gives each side's proof on whether a real מזבח is needed: נח's altar for רבי יוסי, and מנוח's rock and a ברייתא for רבי שמעון. It ends with a ruling that the altar's corner, ramp, base and square shape are required on a public במה but not on a private one.

Opening lines

The steps (31)

1. Resolution"That man" in offering up excludes people who did not act on purpose
2. ChallengeSlaughtering should need that same exclusion
3. ResolutionThe slaughtering verse says "that man" twice
4. QuestionThen what does "to the Lord" teach?
5. Response"To the Lord" excludes the scapegoat
6. StatementNew topic: the greater stringency of offering up
7. Statementרבי שמעון: Two who offer up a limb together are liable
8. Statementרבי יוסי: ההוא means one person, not two
9. QuestionWhat does רבי יוסי do with איש איש?
10. ResponseThe תורה speaks like people speak
11. Responseרבי שמעון uses ההוא for other exclusions
12. Responseהוא versus ההוא
13. ChallengeWhere does רבי יוסי learn liability for slaughtering for an ordinary purpose?
14. ResolutionLearned from דם יחשב לאיש ההוא
15. StatementQuoting the next line of the משנה
16. Statementריש לקיש: they argue about several whole limbs
17. Statementרבי יוחנן: they argue about one limb from an offering meant for inside
18. Statementעולא: they argue only about parts already fit only for outside
19. StatementA second version of עולא's statement
20. Statementשמואל's father disagrees with the first version of עולא
21. Statementרבי יוסי's source: נח built an altar
22. Statementרבי שמעון's source: מנוח offered on a rock
23. ChallengeHow does רבי שמעון explain נח's altar?
24. Resolutionנח's altar was just a raised place
25. ChallengeHow does רבי יוסי explain מנוח's rock?
26. Resolutionמנוח's rock was a one-time ruling
27. StatementA second source for רבי שמעון from a ברייתא
28. ChallengeShouldn't it say he fulfilled his obligation?
29. ResolutionThe ברייתא means a time when במות were forbidden
30. QuestionAre the altar's corner, ramp, base and square shape needed on a במה?
31. ResponseA ברייתא answers: required on the public במה, not on the private one