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Zevachim 12b

זבחים י״ב ע״ב

Learn Zevachim 12b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

דחוי of קרבנות, and the search for בן עזאי's source that an עולה שלא לשמה is פסול

Overview

The amud opens with the last line of a list of lessons from the previous page: דחוי applies even to something holy only for its money value. רבי יוחנן then rules that if someone set aside a קרבן for eating חלב and then became a משומד or a שוטה, the קרבן stays rejected even after he becomes fit again: הואיל ונדחה ידחה. The גמרא explains why both rulings were needed. רבי ירמיה asks about a בית דין that permitted the חלב and then reversed itself. An elder answers that this is the clearest case of all, because the קרבן itself was pushed away. The גמרא then returns to the משנה, explains why שמעון בן עזאי speaks of 'seventy-two זָקֵן' in the singular, and searches for his source that an עולה brought שלא לשמה is פסול. It tries the word 'הוּא', then a קל וחומר from חטאת, then a הצד השוה from חטאת and פסח, and each attempt is challenged. The answer, which begins with בן עזאי's name, continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

יֵשׁ דִּחוּי בְּדָמִים.

There is rejection with monetary value.

אָמַר עוּלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן:

Ulla said that Rabbi Yochanan said:

אָכַל חֵלֶב וְהִפְרִישׁ קׇרְבָּן,

If one ate forbidden fat and set aside an offering,

וְנִשְׁתַּמֵּד, וְחָזַר בּוֹ –

and he became an apostate, and then he recanted,

The steps (25)

  1. ConclusionRejection applies even to money-value holiness
  2. StatementThe owner became a משומד and then returned
  3. StatementThe owner became a שוטה and then recovered
  4. ResponseWhy both rulings are needed: the first side
  5. ResponseWhy the משומד ruling is needed too
  6. Questionרבי ירמיה asks about a reversed בית דין ruling
  7. ResponseThe elder: this is the most obvious case of דחוי
  8. StatementQuoting שמעון בן עזאי from the משנה
  9. QuestionWhy does the משנה say 'elder' and not 'elders'?
  10. ResponseThey all held one opinion
  11. Statementבן עזאי adds only the burnt offering
  12. Statementרב הונא gives the source: the word 'it' by the burnt offering
  13. ChallengeBut the guilt offering also has the word 'it'
  14. ResolutionBy the guilt offering, 'it' refers to the burning of the portions
  15. ChallengeThe עולה's 'הוּא' also comes after the burning
  16. ResolutionThe עולה has two 'הוּא's
  17. ChallengeThe אשם also has two 'הוּא's
  18. Resolutionבן עזאי learns his rule from a קל וחומר
  19. ChallengeA sin offering is special because it atones
  20. ResolutionThe פסח proves the point
  21. ChallengeThe פסח is special because of its fixed time
  22. ResolutionThe sin offering proves the point back
  23. ResolutionLearning עולה from what חטאת and פסח share
  24. ChallengeBoth cases share a link to כרת
  25. ResolutionThe answer begins with בן עזאי