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Zevachim 4b

זבחים ד׳ ע״ב

Learn Zevachim 4b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The sources that every service of every קרבן must be for its own type and its owner (לשמה), and why a קרבן offered שלא לשמה is still כשר.

Overview

The גמרא first finishes rejecting the attempt to learn שינוי בעלים from שינוי קודש. Two of the differences turn out to be weak, but two strong ones remain, so the comparison fails. רב אשי then brings a direct source, 'ונרצה לו לכפר עליו', and the גמרא shows that this does not clash with רבי שמעון's use of the word 'עליו'. Next the גמרא looks for a source that קבלה must also be for the owner. It finds one in the פסוק about the איל נזיר and defends that reading against challenges based on the rules of כלל ופרט. The rule is then widened step by step: from the איל נזיר to all שלמים, and from שלמים to every קרבן, through the היקש of 'זאת התורה'. Finally the גמרא asks why a קרבן offered שלא לשמה is still כשר. It answers from 'מוצא שפתיך': such a קרבן becomes a נדבה. The גמרא then begins to explain why both פסוקים are needed, and that explanation continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּתַרְתֵּי לָאו דַּוְקָא,

And even though two are not precise,

תַּרְתֵּי מִיהָא דַּוְקָא.

at least two are precise.

מַאי שְׁנָא שִׁינּוּי בְעָלִים

What is different about a change of owner

דְּלָא הָוֵי פְּסוּלוֹ בְּגוּפוֹ –

that its disqualification is not in the offering itself?

The steps (29)

  1. ConclusionTwo of the differences are weak, but two still stand
  2. RejectionWhy 'the flaw is in the offering itself' is not a real difference
  3. RejectionThe 'after death' difference fails according to רב פנחס
  4. Resolutionרב אשי brings a פסוק as the source
  5. ChallengeIsn't this verse already being used for something else?
  6. StatementWhy a personal promise makes you responsible
  7. Resolutionרב אשי learns from a different part of the verse
  8. QuestionWhat about collecting the blood?
  9. RejectionWhy we cannot learn קבלה from שחיטה and זריקה
  10. Responseרב אשי learns it from the ram of a נזיר
  11. ChallengeA challenge: the rule may only cover שחיטה
  12. ResolutionAn incomplete general term is not read as כלל ופרט
  13. Resolutionרבינא says the verse ends with a second general term
  14. ChallengeThe two general terms are not the same size
  15. ResolutionThe school of רבי ישמעאל uses the rule even here
  16. ResponseEvery service like slaughtering must be for the owner
  17. ChallengeMaybe only services punished outside the Temple are included
  18. ChallengeAnother possible shared feature: services done in the north
  19. ResolutionBoth readings are equal, so both services are included
  20. ResolutionSprinkling is already learned from רב אשי's verse
  21. QuestionFrom the נזיר's ram to all other peace offerings
  22. ChallengeWhy we cannot simply learn all peace offerings from the איל נזיר
  23. ResolutionThe word שלמים includes all peace offerings
  24. QuestionWhat is the source for all other offerings?
  25. ChallengeWhy we cannot learn all offerings from peace offerings
  26. ResolutionAll offerings are linked to שלמים by the פסוק of 'זאת התורה'
  27. ChallengeIf לשמה is required, why isn't a wrong-intention offering invalid?
  28. Resolution'מוצא שפתיך': a failed vow-offering becomes a נדבה
  29. StatementWhy both פסוקים are needed