Zevachim 8a

זבחים ח׳ ע״א

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Topic

Deriving from the פסוקים that every main עבודה of a חטאת must be done לשמה, both for its offering type and for its owner, and that doing it otherwise disqualifies it (לעכב)

Overview

The גמרא is looking for פסוקים that show a חטאת must be brought לשמה, both for the right type of קרבן (שינוי קודש) and for the right owner (שינוי בעלים). It also wants to show that doing it otherwise disqualifies the חטאת (לעכב), and is not just the ideal way (למצוה). First it finds sources for קבלה and זריקה, and the word 'מחטאתו' makes the owner rule לעכב for the זריקה. רבי יונה and רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע then try to extend this to every עבודה from the חטאת of a נזיר. רבינא challenges that proof, and the גמרא adds that a נזיר's חטאת and an ordinary חטאת are too different to learn from each other. רבא tries the חטאת of a מצורע instead, but it runs into the same problem. The idea that two kinds of חטאת can teach the third also fails, because each kind has its own special feature. In the end, a היקש of חטאת to שלמים teaches the מצוה, and the separate פסוקים for each kind of חטאת teach that it is לעכב. The amud closes as the גמרא starts checking which kinds of חטאת have their own פסוק, beginning with חטאת חלב.

Opening lines

The steps (27)

1. StatementCollecting the blood must be for the sake of a sin offering
2. QuestionWhere is the source for sprinkling?
3. ResponseAtonement must be for the sake of a sin offering
4. QuestionWhere is the source for the owner?
5. ResponseFor him and not for another
6. QuestionIs this rule required or only the ideal way?
7. Response'His sin offering' shows it is required
8. QuestionWhat about all the other rites?
9. Responseרבי יונה learns it from the נזיר's sin offering
10. QuestionWhat about a change of owner in the other rites?
11. ResponseThe extra word 'his'
12. Challengeרבינא asks: what would 'His Burnt Offering' teach?
13. QuestionWhy didn't רבינא also ask about 'His Meal Offering' and 'His Libation'?
14. Response'His Meal Offering' and 'His Libation' teach something else
15. ChallengeThe question on 'His Burnt Offering' still stands
16. ChallengeCan the two kinds of חטאת be learned from each other?
17. Resolutionרבא's new source: the leper's sin offering
18. QuestionWhat about changing the owner?
19. ResponseThe source for the owner: 'for the one being purified'
20. ChallengeA leper's sin offering and an ordinary one cannot teach each other
21. ResolutionLearning one from two
22. ChallengeWhich of the three is the extra one? Not the חטאת חלב
23. ChallengeNot the חטאת of a נזיר either
24. ChallengeNot the חטאת of a מצורע either
25. ResolutionThe rule comes from comparing חטאת to שלמים
26. ConclusionThe basic rule comes from שלמים, and the extra verses make it a must
27. QuestionListing the sources found so far, starting with the חטאת for חלב