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Zevachim 8b

זבחים ח׳ ע״ב

Learn Zevachim 8b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Applying שלא לשמה to every kind of חטאת, and the source for a פסח brought שלא לשמו during the year becoming a שלמים

Overview

The גמרא first asks how we know the rule of שלא לשמה for kinds of חטאת where the Torah never writes 'לחטאת'. The חטאת of עבודה זרה learns it from חטאת חלב, since both sins carry כרת. The others learn it through a במה הצד. Then a ברייתא teaches that a פסח at its proper time must be brought לשמו, but during the rest of the year it is כשר only שלא לשמו. אבוה דשמואל finds the source in 'לזבח שלמים' in ויקרא 3:6: an offering from the flock becomes a שלמים. The גמרא tests this reading with the rules of כלל ופרט and כלל ופרט וכלל, and רב יעקב מנהר פקוד challenges it. Finally the גמרא reads 'לזבח' as a רבוי that includes every offering. That raises a new question: why does the פסח become specifically a שלמים? רבי אבין begins to answer, and his answer continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

חַטָּאת דַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה,

A sin offering for idol worship,

דִּשְׁמִיעַת הַקּוֹל, וּבִטּוּי שְׂפָתַיִם,

for hearing the voice, and for an utterance of the lips,

וְטוּמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו –

and for defiling the Temple and its holy foods –

דְּלָא כְּתִיב בְּהוּ; מְנָלַן?

which it is not written regarding them; from where do we know?

The steps (20)

  1. QuestionWhat about sin offerings where 'for a sin offering' is not written?
  2. ResponseThe idol-worship sin offering is learned from the forbidden-fat sin offering
  3. ResponseThe remaining sin offerings are learned through a common-features argument
  4. StatementA Paschal offering at its time versus during the rest of the year
  5. StatementA memory aid for the upcoming speakers
  6. QuestionWhat is the source for the rule about a פסח during the year?
  7. Responseאבוה דשמואל learns it from the פסוק about a שלמים from the flock
  8. ChallengeMaybe it works only when slaughtered as a שלמים
  9. ResolutionThe extra word 'לזבח' includes any offering
  10. ChallengeThen should the פסח become whatever offering he named?
  11. ResolutionWhatever it is slaughtered for, it becomes a שלמים
  12. ChallengeMaybe the פסוק is a general term followed by a specific one
  13. Resolution'לה׳' adds a second general term
  14. Challengeרב יעקב מנהר פקוד: the two general terms are not alike
  15. ResolutionThe school of רבי ישמעאל uses this method even here
  16. ResolutionApplying the rule of a general term, a detail, and a general term
  17. ChallengeThe detail is also an offering brought as a vow or gift
  18. ResolutionReading 'for a sacrifice' as an inclusion
  19. ChallengeWhy not let it become whatever it was slaughtered for?
  20. Resolutionרבי אבין steps in to answer