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Chagigah 24b

חגיגה כ״ד ע״ב

Learn Chagigah 24b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

An impure hand passing impurity for קודש, other rabbinic stringencies of קודש, and the start of the stringencies of תרומה

Overview

The amud opens by asking whether, for קודש, one impure hand passes impurity to someone else's hand. ריש לקיש first limits the rule to a person's own other hand. רבי יוחנן includes another person's hand, but only through the hand that touched the impurity, and only to make קודש פסול, not טמא. The גמרא proves רבי יוחנן's view from an extra line in the משנה, and reports that ריש לקיש later agreed. It then tries to show that 'לפסול אבל לא לטמא' is a dispute between תנאים, rejects a proof from a משנה in ידים, and finds the dispute in a ברייתא between רבי and רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה. Next, the גמרא explains the משנה's rule about eating dry food with impure hands as a case where קודש is already in a person's mouth. It also explains why an אונן and a מחוסר כפורים need טבילה before eating קודש. Finally, a new משנה begins listing ways that תרומה is stricter than קודש, starting with when an עם הארץ is trusted about the purity of wine and oil.

Opening lines

אֲבָל יַד חֲבֵירוֹ — לֹא.

But the hand of his fellow — no.

וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר:

And Rabbi Yoḥanan said:

אֶחָד יָדוֹ וְאֶחָד יַד חֲבֵירוֹ,

Whether his own hand or the hand of his fellow,

בְּאוֹתָהּ הַיָּד.

by that same hand.

The steps (20)

  1. Statementריש לקיש: not the hand of another person
  2. Statementרבי יוחנן: own hand or another's, through the same hand, only to disqualify
  3. ProofThe source: the latter clause of the משנה
  4. ChallengeWhy repeat what the first clause already said?
  5. ConclusionThe extra line includes another person's hand
  6. Statementריש לקיש changed his mind
  7. Statement'Disqualify but not make impure' is a dispute of תנאים
  8. Proofרבי יהושע: a hand makes the other hand impure
  9. ProofThe Rabbis: a second degree cannot make another second degree
  10. ProofReading the חכמים as saying the hand makes a third
  11. RejectionMaybe the hand makes nothing at all
  12. ConclusionThe real argument is between רבי and רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה
  13. StatementQuoting the משנה about eating dry food with impure hands
  14. ChallengeCan קודש food ever count as 'dry'?
  15. ResolutionThe case is food already in his mouth
  16. QuestionWhy do the אונן and מחוסר כפורים need immersion?
  17. ResponseThey were not careful until now
  18. StatementNew משנה: where תרומה is stricter
  19. StatementAfter pressing season, a barrel of תרומה is turned away unless it holds some קודש
  20. StatementThe משנה begins a new case about jugs of wine and oil