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Eruvin 102a

עירובין ק״ב ע״א

Learn Eruvin 102a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Securing a door on שבת with a bolt or other כלי without it looking like building, and when spreading a covering on שבת counts as making a forbidden אהל.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the earlier מחלוקת between רבי אליעזר and רבי יוסי about a bolt with a knob whose rope is too weak to lift it. A new משנה follows. The תנא קמא allows a dragging bolt only in the מקדש and forbids a resting bolt everywhere, while רבי יהודה is one level more lenient for each. שמואל rules like רבי יהודה on the dragging bolt, and רבא adds that it must be tied to the door itself, and firmly, not with a reed. A bolt pressed into the ground is forbidden, following רבי יהודה, because it looks like בונה. A bolt with a handle, a huge beam, and a huge mortar all count as a כלי, so they may be used to secure a door. The גמרא then turns to tents on שבת: one may not make a new אהל, but one may add to an existing temporary one, as with boat arches and רב הונא's rolled-up mat. A curtain and a bridal canopy may be put up and taken down on שבת. רב ששת בריה דרב אידי begins listing limits on the canopy based on the width of its top, and the last of these continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ נִיטָּל בְּאִיגְדּוֹ,

In a case where it cannot be lifted by its rope,

דְּמָר סָבַר: כֵּיוָן דְּיֵשׁ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ גְּלוֹסְטְרָא —

for this Sage holds: since it has a knob at its end,

תּוֹרַת כְּלִי עָלָיו.

it has the status of a vessel.

וּמָר סָבַר: כֵּיוָן דְּאֵינוֹ נִיטָּל בְּאִיגְדּוֹ — לֹא.

And this Sage holds: since it cannot be lifted by its rope, no.

The steps (30)

  1. ResponseWhere רבי אליעזר and רבי יוסי really disagree
  2. Statementמשנה: dragging bolt allowed only in the Temple; resting bolt forbidden everywhere
  3. Statementרבי יהודה is one level more lenient
  4. Statementברייתא defines the dragging bolt
  5. Statementרבי יהודה redefines which bolt is Temple-only
  6. ConclusionThe הלכה follows רבי יהודה on the dragging bolt
  7. Statementרבא adds that the bolt must be tied to the door
  8. ChallengeChallenge from רבי טבלא in מחוזא
  9. ResolutionThat bolt could be lifted by its rope
  10. Statementרב אויא forbids a bolt tied with a reed
  11. Questionרבי זירא asks about a bolt pressed into the ground
  12. Responseרב יוסף answers from a ברייתא
  13. StatementThe הלכה follows רבי יהודה on a pressed-in bolt
  14. QuestionWhat is the reason for forbidding a pressed-in bolt?
  15. Responseאביי: it looks like building
  16. QuestionWhat if the bolt has a handle?
  17. Responseאביי: Then it is like a pestle
  18. StatementThe same ruling stated directly by רב נחומי בר אדא
  19. StatementThe heavy beam in רבי פדת's house
  20. StatementThe huge mortar in מר שמואל's house
  21. Questionרמי בר יחזקאל asks for רב אסי's teaching on boat arches
  22. Responseרב אסי's ruling: a mat may be spread over boat arches on שבת
  23. ResponseThe reason: it only adds to an existing temporary tent
  24. Questionרב הונא's rams need shade by day and air by night
  25. Responseרב's advice: leave one טפח spread so it can be unrolled on שבת
  26. StatementA curtain may be put up and taken down on שבת
  27. StatementA bridal canopy may be taken down and spread out on שבת
  28. StatementFirst limit: the canopy's top must be less than a handbreadth wide
  29. StatementSecond limit: no handbreadth of width within three handbreadths of the top
  30. StatementA third limit begins