Eruvin 40a

עירובין מ׳ ע״א

Learn Eruvin 40a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Benefiting from things brought or done on יום טוב, and whether ראש חודש is mentioned on ראש השנה

Overview

The amud opens by finishing אמימר's version of the story about a deer served at the ראש גלותא's house on יום טוב. In this version, the deer had been brought from outside the תחום. רב נחמן and רב חסדא ate from it, because something brought for one Jew is permitted to another Jew. רב ששת did not eat, because anything brought to the ראש גלותא's house is brought with all the רבנן in mind. The גמרא answers the challenge from רב ששת's talk with רבה בר שמואל by saying that, in this version, the talk never happened. Next, רבא permits withered turnips in מחוזא, since they were clearly picked before יום טוב and were brought for non-Jews. He forbids them once the sellers start bringing extra for Jewish buyers. Then רבא rules that myrtle cut on יום טוב שני may not be smelled until one waits בכדי שיעשו, the time it takes to cut it. Finally, the גמרא asks whether ראש חודש must be mentioned separately on ראש השנה. It shows that רבי דוסא's argument with the חכמים is only about saying it with a condition. It then raises a challenge from בית שמאי's count of ten ברכות, and the answer comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (24)

1. ResolutionThe deer had come from outside the תחום
2. StatementWhy the ones who ate considered it permitted
3. StatementWhy the one who did not eat considered it forbidden
4. ChallengeBut רב ששת spoke with רבה בר שמואל about it
5. ResolutionThat conversation never happened
6. Statementרבא permits buying the turnips in מחוזא
7. Statementרבא's reason: they were picked yesterday
8. ResolutionComing from outside the תחום is not a problem
9. Statementרבא forbids the turnips once deliveries increase
10. Statementרבינא allows smelling myrtle cut on the second day of יום טוב
11. Challengeרבא בר תחליפא urges forbidding it because the workers are not learned
12. Challengeרב שמעיה says even learned people must wait
13. Conclusionרבא rules that one must wait the time it takes to do the work
14. StatementReturning to רבי דוסא's words in the משנה
15. QuestionMust ראש חודש be mentioned separately on ראש השנה?
16. Proofרב הונא tries to answer from רבי דוסא's dispute
17. RejectionThe dispute is about the condition, not the mention
18. ProofA ברייתא supports the idea that the argument is about the condition
19. ProofWhy the ברייתא proves that the argument is about the condition
20. ChallengeWhy argue about the condition in two separate cases?
21. ResolutionWhy teaching only ראש השנה would not be enough
22. ResolutionWhy teaching only the regular ראש חודש would not be enough
23. StatementA ברייתא about ראש השנה that falls on שבת
24. ChallengeThen בית שמאי should require eleven