Eruvin 94a

עירובין צ״ד ע״א

Learn Eruvin 94a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Walls and breaches on שבת: two courtyards whose dividing wall fell, a courtyard breached into the רשות הרבים, and places that lost their walls during שבת.

Overview

This amud opens with the end of the מחלוקת between רב and שמואל about a wall between two courtyards that fell on שבת. שמואל says each side may carry up to the base of the fallen wall. The גמרא explains that רב's stricter view was learned from a story. רב turned his face away when שמואל had a cloak hung on the wall. The גמרא then answers why שמואל needed the cloak (only for privacy), and why רב only turned away and did not speak up (it was שמואל's town, but he did not want people to think he had changed his mind). Next comes a new משנה about a courtyard breached into the רשות הרבים. רבי אליעזר treats it as public domain, and the חכמים call it a כרמלית. The גמרא gives two explanations of רבי אליעזר: a lost public path, or the rule that the edges of a public domain count as public domain. It then defends the second explanation against challenges from the wording 'מתוכה'. A last משנה has רבי יהודה and רבי יוסי arguing about places that lost their walls during שבת. The גמרא asks how wide the breach must be, and רב's answer begins at the end of the amud and continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (32)

1. Statementשמואל's ruling: each side may carry up to the base of the fallen wall
2. Statementרב's ruling was inferred, not stated outright
3. StatementThe story: the wall falls and שמואל says to hang a cloak
4. Proofרב turns his face away, and שמואל answers with a joke
5. ChallengeWhy did שמואל need the cloak at all?
6. Resolutionשמואל hung the cloak only for privacy
7. ChallengeWhy did רב not object out loud?
8. ResolutionIt was שמואל's town
9. ChallengeThen why did רב turn his face away?
10. ResolutionSo people would not think רב changed his view
11. StatementA courtyard broken open to the public domain
12. StatementThe חכמים say the breached courtyard is like a כרמלית
13. QuestionDoes a breach really make the courtyard public?
14. ResponseYes, this follows רבי אליעזר's own reasoning
15. ProofA path the public chooses becomes theirs
16. Challengeרב limits the ברייתא to a lost path
17. ChallengeCan the משנה also be a lost-path case? רבי חנינא says no
18. ResolutionRe-reading רבי חנינא: the dispute is only on the wall's spot
19. ResolutionSecond explanation: the edges of a public domain
20. ChallengeWhy not state the dispute about edges in general?
21. ResolutionThe breached courtyard shows the dispute applies even without stakes
22. Challengeרבי אליעזר's own words say 'from inside'
23. ResolutionHe borrowed the רבנן's wording
24. ChallengeThe רבנן's answer seems to miss his point
25. ResolutionThe רבנן argue by comparison: edges are like the courtyard
26. Rejectionרבי אליעזר rejects the comparison: the public walks on the street edges
27. StatementNew משנה: places that lost their walls on שבת, רבי יהודה's view
28. Statementרבי יוסי: this שבת and future שבתות must have the same rule
29. QuestionWhat case is the משנה talking about?
30. ChallengeA breach of up to ten is just a doorway, even on two sides
31. ChallengeA breach of more than ten should be a problem even on one side
32. Resolutionרב says the breach is really up to ten אמות