Kereisos 10b

כריתות י׳ ע״ב

Keritot 10b

Learn Kereisos 10b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

רבי יהודה on a second fetus (חומרא, not קולא); the sliding-scale offering (קרבן עולה ויורד) and why the poorest offering is worth a פרוטה; and the start of the משנה on the שפחה חרופה.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing רב אשי's proof that רבי יהודה counts a second fetus only to be strict (חומרא), never to be lenient (קולא). A second ברייתא about the 'six days' of purification leads to the same result, and the גמרא accepts it. Then a new משנה lists five cases that bring a sliding-scale offering (קרבן עולה ויורד): two kinds of false oath, טומאת מקדש וקדשיו, a יולדת, and a מצורע. Two ברייתות sort these cases by how many wealth levels each has and by which offerings are swapped at the poorer level. One of them teaches that the very poor person's flour offering (עשירית האיפה) can be worth as little as a פרוטה. The גמרא works out the prices step by step, starting from a lamb worth a סלע. After two answers fail to give exactly one פרוטה, רבא's calculation from the יולדת gives three-quarters of a פרוטה. The ברייתא rounds this up, because it is not proper to bring ה׳ less than a פרוטה. Finally a new משנה begins listing how a שפחה חרופה differs from the other עריות in punishment and offering, and it continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. ProofFinishing the first proof: only רבי יהודה allows scattered days
2. Proofרב אשי brings a second ברייתא about the six days
3. QuestionWho wrote this ברייתא? Not the רבנן
4. ProofSo it must be רבי יהודה: stringency yes, leniency no
5. ConclusionThe גמרא accepts the proof
6. StatementNew משנה: who brings a sliding-scale offering
7. StatementThree Levels of Money for a Sliding-Scale Offering
8. StatementWhich Cases Fit Which Levels
9. StatementFour Swap Patterns, and the Value of the Flour Offering
10. StatementMatching Each Swap Pattern to Its Case
11. QuestionWhere do we know a עשירית האיפה can be worth one פרוטה?
12. ResponseA pledge of one סלע means bringing a lamb
13. ProofProof from the ram of an אשם that a lamb costs one סלע
14. ProofThe birds cost a quarter dinar
15. StatementThe same one-sixteenth discount applies to the very poor
16. StatementWorking out the numbers: three פרוטות
17. ChallengeThe ברייתא says one פרוטה, but the math gave three
18. ResolutionThe תנא learns from the יולדת
19. ChallengeEven so, it only comes to a פרוטה and a half
20. Resolutionרבא: the whole ratio comes from the יולדת
21. ChallengeThen it should be less than a פרוטה
22. ResolutionNever bring less than a פרוטה to ה׳
23. StatementThe maidservant brings a different offering than other forbidden relations
24. StatementMan and woman are not treated equally with the maidservant
25. StatementWith other forbidden relations, the first stage counts, and each act brings an offering
26. StatementIntroducing a stringency for the maidservant