Kereisos 14a

כריתות י״ד ע״א

Keritot 14a

Learn Kereisos 14a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How רבי מאיר can count several liabilities for eating one כזית: the rule of איסור כולל and איסור מוסיף, which lets a new prohibition take hold even where an older one already exists.

Overview

The גמרא asks whether רבי מאיר's many liabilities for one כזית mean he holds איסור חל על איסור. It answers that he only holds of איסור כולל and איסור מוסיף. It then shows how טומאה, הקדש, נותר and יום הכפורים each add on in this way. Next it asks why the משנה does not add פיגול for a fifth חטאת. After answers about one animal, one limb and a limb following its majority are pushed back, it settles on the משנה speaking of one כזית. The כותבת needed for יום הכפורים is filled out with a kidney (רבי זירא) or dates (רב פפא). רב אדא בר אחא instead counts five חטאות by adding a כזית of פיגול. Six is impossible because the throat holds only two כזיתים at once. The גמרא then tests רפרם's claim that carrying does not apply on יום הכפורים, first from our משנה and then from a ברייתא about the שעיר המשתלח, and finally calls his statement a mistake. A new משנה begins: one act of relations with one's daughter can bring six חטאות.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. QuestionDoes רבי מאיר hold that a prohibition can take effect on top of another prohibition?
2. RejectionNot in general, only an inclusive or added prohibition
3. StatementBecoming impure adds a prohibition on top of the forbidden fat
4. StatementConsecrating the animal adds a ban on benefit
5. StatementBecoming leftover adds a ban for the altar too
6. Statementיום הכפורים adds a prohibition even on holy food
7. ChallengeWhy not list five sin offerings by adding פיגול?
8. ResolutionThe משנה is talking about one animal
9. ChallengeA פיגול limb put on the altar can become נותר
10. ResolutionThe משנה is talking about one limb
11. ChallengeHalf a limb on the altar and half off it
12. ResolutionA limb follows its majority
13. ChallengeThat would settle רמי בר חמא's open question
14. ResolutionThe משנה is about one כזית
15. Challengeיום הכפורים needs more than one כזית
16. Resolutionרבי זירא: a kidney with its fat
17. Resolutionרב פפא: he filled it out with dates
18. Resolutionרב אדא בר אחא's version: five sin offerings with a כזית of פיגול
19. ChallengeWhy not six, by adding a כזית of blood?
20. ResolutionThe throat holds only two כזיתים
21. QuestionWhy does רבי מאיר mention שבת?
22. Responseרפרם: no עירוב or הוצאה on יום הכפורים
23. RejectionMaybe carrying is forbidden on both days
24. StatementMoving רפרם's statement to a ברייתא about the sent-away goat
25. Proofרפרם infers that carrying applies to שבת but not to יום הכפורים
26. RejectionThe sent-away goat is a special case
27. ConclusionThe statement credited to רפרם is a mistake
28. StatementOne act of relations can bring six חטאות