Gemara Clarity

Kereisos 14b

כריתות י״ד ע״ב

Keritot 14b

Learn Kereisos 14b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How can one act of forbidden relations make a person חייב for several separate prohibitions, given that רבי מאיר holds that one איסור cannot take effect on top of another? The answer is איסור מוסיף and איסור כולל. Then a new משנה brings a similar case about a daughter's daughter.

Overview

The amud begins by asking how one act can make a man חייב for many separate איסורים, since רבי מאיר holds that one איסור cannot take effect on top of another. The גמרא answers that רבי מאיר does accept an איסור מוסיף (a prohibition that newly forbids other people) and an איסור כולל (one that covers everyone). It then walks through each איסור in the previous משנה's case of a daughter born from his own mother. Next, a new משנה lists seven איסורים for a man with his daughter's daughter, and the same counts apply to his wife's daughter and his wife's granddaughter. רבי יוסי adds אשת אב for the case where the man's father married her. The גמרא explains that the father could marry her through יבום, and that he 'transgressed' only a rabbinic שניה, since she was his כלת בנו. It then shows that רבי יוסי usually judges by the first איסור, but agrees to an איסור מוסיף, which here comes from the father's other son. A further משנה teaches seven איסורים for a mother-in-law. רבי יוחנן בן נורי counts the in-law mothers separately, and the רבנן say they are one שם. The גמרא links his view to סומכוס and begins quoting סומכוס's משנה, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

גְּמָ׳

GEMARA:

וְהָא לֵית לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר

But רבי מאיר does not hold

אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר!

that a prohibition takes effect on a prohibition!

נְהִי דְּאִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר לֵית לֵיהּ,

Granted, he does not hold that a prohibition takes effect on a prohibition,

The steps (25)

  1. ChallengeHow can several prohibitions stack up for רבי מאיר?
  2. ResolutionAdded and all-inclusive prohibitions do take effect
  3. ResolutionDaughter and sister at the same moment
  4. ResolutionShe marries his brother
  5. ResolutionShe marries his father's brother
  6. ResolutionShe is a married woman
  7. ConclusionShe becomes a נדה
  8. StatementNew משנה: seven prohibitions for a daughter's daughter
  9. Statementרבי יוסי adds the father's wife
  10. StatementThe same counts apply to a wife's daughter and granddaughter
  11. ChallengeHow could his father ever marry her?
  12. ResolutionIt happened through יבום
  13. ChallengeThen why does it say he 'transgressed'?
  14. ResolutionHe transgressed a rabbinic איסור of כלת בנו
  15. ProofA ברייתא: כלת בנו is a שניה
  16. ChallengeDoes רבי יוסי really hold that one prohibition can take hold on another?
  17. ProofA ברייתא shows רבי יוסי follows the first prohibition even when the second is harsher
  18. Resolutionרבי יוסי agrees that an expanding prohibition takes hold
  19. QuestionWhich added prohibition applies in this case?
  20. ResponseThe grandfather's other son creates the added prohibition
  21. StatementOne act with a mother-in-law can carry seven prohibitions
  22. Statementרבי יוחנן בן נורי counts the three in-law mothers separately
  23. RejectionThe רבנן: all three are one prohibition
  24. Statementרבי יוחנן בן נורי and סומכוס said the same thing
  25. QuestionWhich ruling of סומכוס is meant?