Kereisos 9a

כריתות ט׳ ע״א

Keritot 9a

Learn Kereisos 9a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The גר's conversion קרבן, and the new משנה on קרבנות brought even for deliberate sins and one קרבן for many sins

Overview

This amud finishes the discussion of the קרבן a גר brings when he converts. It must be an offering with blood, not a מנחה. According to רבי, the גר enters the ברית just as our ancestors did: through מילה, טבילה, and sprinkling of blood. The גמרא shows that birds must come as a pair, and finds verses for each of the three steps. It also proves that גרים are accepted even today without a קרבן, and rules like רבי שמעון that a גר today does not set aside money for his birds. Another version places that ruling on a ברייתא about a גר תושב doing work on שבת. Then a new משנה lists cases where a קרבן is brought even for a deliberate sin: שפחה חרופה, a נזיר who became טמא, שבועת העדות, and שבועת הפקדון. The גמרא finds a source for each case. Finally, רבי יוחנן rules that relations with five different שפחות need five קרבנות, because they are separate bodies. His proof from the פסוק continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (47)

1. StatementA flour offering does not count for a convert
2. QuestionA second teaching: maybe anything burned on the altar counts
3. ResponseThe convert must bring a blood offering, like you did
4. ChallengeThen must he bring exactly an עולה and שלמים?
5. ResolutionThe comparison is limited, not about the exact offerings
6. Statementרבי: the convert enters the covenant like our ancestors did
7. StatementA single bird is not enough
8. ChallengeChallenge: a single bird burnt offering does exist
9. ResolutionAnswer: no required offering is a single bird
10. ChallengeChallenge: the יולדת brings one bird as a required offering
11. ResolutionAnswer: the יולדת also brings a lamb
12. QuestionBack to רבי: finding a source for מילה
13. QuestionBlood is clear, but where is immersion?
14. ResponseSprinkling blood on the people proves immersion
15. ChallengeThen how can we accept converts today?
16. ResolutionA verse says converts are accepted in every generation
17. StatementA convert today sets aside money for his birds
18. Statementרבי שמעון: this was cancelled
19. ConclusionThe הלכה follows רבי שמעון
20. StatementAnother version places the ruling on a different ברייתא
21. Statementרבי עקיבא: like a Jew on יום טוב
22. Statementרבי יוסי: like a Jew on a weekday
23. Statementרבי שמעון: resident slaves too, like a weekday
24. StatementNew משנה: four cases where intentional is like unwitting
25. StatementFive bring one offering for many sins, five bring a sliding-scale offering
26. Questionגמרא asks the source for the maidservant case
27. ResponseSource for the שפחה case: the extra words in the פסוק
28. QuestionAsking the source for the נזיר who became טמא
29. ResponseLearning from בפתע פתאום: mistake and beyond control
30. ResponseAnother ברייתא: פתאום means on purpose
31. ChallengeWhy does the Torah need the word פתע at all?
32. ResolutionWithout פתע we would limit the קרבן to a mistake
33. Conclusionפתע covers mistakes, so פתאום must mean on purpose and beyond control
34. QuestionWhere do we learn the rule for a false שבועת העדות?
35. ResponseThe missing word ונעלם teaches that on purpose is liable too
36. QuestionWhere do we learn that the false deposit oath brings a קרבן even on purpose?
37. ResponseLearned from the oath of testimony through the shared word 'shall sin'
38. QuestionWhere do we learn one קרבן for many acts with a שפחה
39. ResponseA ברייתא learns two lessons from the words 'that he has sinned'
40. ChallengeBut the verse is already talking about a sin done on purpose
41. ResolutionFlip the wording: treat by mistake like on purpose
42. QuestionFive maidservants in one lapse: one קרבן or five?
43. ResponseHe brings a קרבן for each woman
44. ChallengeWhy is this different from five lapses with one maidservant?
45. ResolutionSeparate women are separate bodies
46. QuestionWhat is the source that separate bodies matter?
47. ResponseThe word 'אשה' appears for the שפחה too